Isesengura ry'uburyo bushya bwo gushyushya imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi n'izikoresha amashanyarazi

Kubera ko moteri z'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi avanze n'izikoresha amashanyarazi zigomba gukora kenshi ahantu hakoresha ingufu nyinshi, iyo moteri idashobora gukoreshwa nk'isoko y'ubushyuhe munsi y'amashanyarazi asanzwe, imodoka nta soko y'ubushyuhe izaba ifite. Cyane cyane ku bijyanye no kugenzura ubushyuhe bwa kabine, hakenewe izindi soko z'ubushyuhe kugira ngo habeho ihumure n'umutekano. Kugira ngo hongerwe urwego rw'ubushyuhe bw'amashanyarazi kandi hongerwe imikorere myiza ya lisansi, ni ngombwa gutanga ubushyuhe vuba, neza kandi mu mutekano hamwe n'ingufu nke cyane zikoreshwa na bateri itwara. Isosiyete yacu yateguye ubwoko bushya bw'ubushyuhe bufite ingufu nyinshi bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rishya rya thermosphere.
1 Imikorere n'icyo gushyushya imodoka bigamije
Gushyushya cabine ni ingenzi kugira ngo ikinyabiziga gitware neza kandi neza. Uretse ko cabine ihumura neza n'ubushyuhe buri imbere mu kinyabiziga, sisitemu yo gukonjesha (HVAC) igomba kandi kugenzura imikorere imwe n'imwe irimo kuzuza ibisabwa n'amategeko. Urugero, nk'uko biteganywa n'amabwiriza y'i Burayi 672/2010 n'amahame agenga umutekano w'imodoka ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika FMVSS103, ibirenga 80% by'urubura ruri ku kirahuri cy'imbere bigomba gukurwaho nyuma y'iminota 20. Gushonga no gukuraho ubushuhe ni izindi nshingano ebyiri zisabwa n'amategeko n'amabwiriza. Kugenzura ubushyuhe neza bwa cabine ni ishingiro ry'ihumure n'umutekano, ari nabyo bintu by'ingenzi kugira ngo imodoka idahungabana.
2 Igipimo cy'imikorere
Ibisabwa by'ingenzi kuri heater biterwa n'ikoreshwa ry'imodoka. Ibintu bikurikira ni ibi bikurikira:
(1) Ubushobozi bwo hejuru cyane;
(2) Igiciro gito cyangwa gikwiye;
(3) Igihe cyo gusubiza vuba no kugenzura neza;
(4) Ingano y'ipaki igomba kugabanywa kandi uburemere bugomba kuba bworoheje;
(5) Kwizerwa neza;
(6) Kubungabunga ibidukikije no kurengera ibidukikije neza.
3 Igitekerezo cyo gushyushya
Muri rusange, igitekerezo cy'ubushyuhe gishobora kugabanywamo isoko y'ubushyuhe bw'ibanze n'isoko y'ubushyuhe bw'inyongera. Isoko y'ubushyuhe bw'ingenzi ni isoko y'ubushyuhe ishobora gutanga ubushyuhe burenze 2kW bukenewe kugira ngo hagenzurwe ubushyuhe bwa kabine. Ubushyuhe butangwa n'isoko y'ubushyuhe bw'inyongera buri munsi ya 2kW, ubusanzwe bujya mu bice bimwe na bimwe, nk'ibyuma bishyushya intebe.
4 Igishyushya cy'umwuka n'ibikoreshosisitemu yo gushyushya amazi
Sisitemu yo gushyushya ishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri by'ingenzi, biterwa n'ubushyuhe bukorwa n'ibishyushya lisansi cyangwa ibishyushya amashanyarazi:
(1) Igishyushya gishyushya umwuka mu buryo butaziguye, gishobora kuzamura ubushyuhe bwa kabine vuba;
(2) Ibishyushya amazi bikoresha icyuma gikonjesha nk'igikoresho gishyushya giciriritse bishobora gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe neza no kwinjira muri HVAC.
Mu bihe byashize, ibyuma bishyushya bikoresha lisansi byashyirwaga mu modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zivanze n'izikoresha amashanyarazi, aho gukoresha ingufu nke zishobora gutuma ingufu z'amashanyarazi zikoreshwa mu gutwara imodoka, aho kuzikoresha mu gushyushya. Kubera ko gukoresha ibyuma bishyushya bikoresha amashanyarazi mu gihe cy'itumba bizagabanya urugero rw'amashanyarazi ho 50%, abantu bakunze guhitamo uburyo bwo gushyushya lisansi.
5 Igitekerezo cy'ubushyuhe bw'amashanyarazi
Mbere y’uko iterambere ritangira, hasesenguwe ikoranabuhanga risanzweho n’irishobora kubaho, nko kurwanya ibikomere by’insinga cyangwa gushyushya neza (PTC). Intego enye z’ingenzi z’iterambere zasuzumwe kandi ikoranabuhanga rishobora kubaho ryagereranyijwe n’izo ntego:
(1) Mu bijyanye n'imikorere myiza, icyuma gishyushya gishya kigomba kuba gifite ubushobozi bwo gukora neza, kandi kigomba kuba gishobora gutanga ubushyuhe bukenewe mu bushyuhe bwinshi buva kuri konjesha kandi munsi y'imbaraga zose;
(2) Ku bijyanye n'ubwiza n'ingano, icyuma gishyushya gishya kigomba kuba gito kandi cyoroheje uko bishoboka kose;
(3) Ku bijyanye no gukoresha neza no gukoresha ikiguzi, ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho by'ubutaka budakunze kuboneka na Pb bigomba kwirindwa, kandi ikiguzi cy'ibicuruzwa bishya kigomba kuba gihanganye;
(4) Mu bijyanye n'umutekano, ibyago byose bishobora guterwa n'amashanyarazi cyangwa impanuka yo gutwika bigomba kwirindwa mu bihe byose.
Mu gitekerezo gisanzwe cy’ubushyuhe bw’amashanyarazi ku modoka, ubushyuhe bwa PTC buzwi cyane bukoresha resistor ikozwe muri barium titanate (BaTiO3) ifite ubushyuhe bwiza. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibisobanuro byinshi ku ihame ryayo bikora birasobanurwa kandi bikagereranywa n’ubushyuhe bw’amabara yakozwe hakurikijweicyuma gishyushya gifite voltage nyinshi HVH.
Ibintu bya PTC bifite imiterere igaragara cyane idashingiye ku murongo. Ubudahangarwa buragabanuka iyo ubushyuhe buri hasi, hanyuma bukazamuka cyane iyo ubushyuhe buzamutse. Iyi miterere ituma ingufu z'amashanyarazi zigabanuka iyo zikoreshejwe.
Hebei Nanfeng Automobile Equipment Group Co., Ltd. ishobora gukora 1.2kw-32kwamashanyarazi afite ingufu nyinshi (HVCH, PTC HEATER)hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga rishya kugira ngo rihuze n'ibyo imodoka zitandukanye zikeneye.