Bumwe mu ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi ry'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu ni bateri zikoresha ingufu. Ubwiza bwa bateri bugena ikiguzi cy'imodoka zikoresha ingufu ku ruhande rumwe, n'urwego rw'imodoka zikoresha ingufu ku rundi ruhande. Ikintu cy'ingenzi mu kwemerwa no gukoreshwa vuba.
Dukurikije imiterere y'ikoreshwa, ibisabwa n'imiterere y'ikoreshwa rya bateri z'amashanyarazi, ubwoko bw'ubushakashatsi n'iterambere rya bateri z'amashanyarazi mu gihugu no mu mahanga ni: bateri za aside ya lead, bateri za nickel-cadmium, bateri za hydride ya nickel-metal, bateri za lithium-ion, utwuma twa lisansi, nibindi, muri byo iterambere rya bateri za lithium-ion ryitabwaho cyane.
Imyitwarire yo gukora ubushyuhe bwa batiri y'amashanyarazi
Isoko y'ubushyuhe, igipimo cyo gukora ubushyuhe, ubushobozi bw'ubushyuhe bwa bateri n'ibindi bipimo bifitanye isano bya module ya bateri y'ingufu bifitanye isano rya hafi n'imiterere ya bateri. Ubushyuhe buva muri bateri buterwa n'imiterere ya shimi, mekanike n'amashanyarazi ndetse n'imiterere ya bateri, cyane cyane imiterere y'imikorere ya electrochemical. Ingufu z'ubushyuhe zikomoka muri bateri zishobora kugaragazwa n'ubushyuhe bwa bateri Qr; polarization ya electrochemical ituma voltage nyayo ya bateri itandukana n'imbaraga zayo za electromotive, kandi igihombo cy'ingufu giterwa no guhindagurika kwa bateri kigaragazwa na Qp. Uretse reaction ya bateri ikomeza hakurikijwe ikigereranyo cy'ikoreshwa, hari n'imyitwarire imwe n'imwe. Imyitwarire isanzwe irimo gusenyuka kwa electrolyte no kwiyambura bateri. Ubushyuhe bwa reaction ku ruhande bukorwa muri ubu buryo ni Qs. Byongeye kandi, kubera ko bateri iyo ari yo yose izagira resistance, ubushyuhe bwa Joule Qj buzakorwa iyo umuriro urenze. Kubwibyo, ubushyuhe bwose bwa bateri ni igiteranyo cy'ubushyuhe bw'ibi bikurikira: Qt=Qr+Qp+Qs+Qj.
Bitewe n'uburyo bwihariye bwo gusharija (gusohora), ibintu by'ingenzi bituma bateri ikora ubushyuhe nabyo biratandukanye. Urugero, iyo bateri isanzwe isharija, Qr niyo ngingo nyamukuru; kandi mu cyiciro cya nyuma cyo gusharija bateri, bitewe no gusenyuka kwa electrolyte, ingaruka zo ku ruhande zitangira kubaho (ubushyuhe bwo ku ruhande ni Qs), iyo bateri hafi ya yose isharija kandi ishyushye cyane, Ikintu kibaho cyane ni ugusenyuka kwa electrolyte, aho Qs ari yo yiganje. Ubushyuhe bwa Joule Qj buterwa n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi n'ubudahangarwa. Uburyo bukoreshwa cyane bwo gusharija bukorwa munsi y'umuyoboro uhoraho, kandi Qj ni agaciro runaka muri iki gihe. Ariko, mu gihe cyo gutangira no kwihutisha, umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi uba uri hejuru cyane. Kuri HEV, ibi bingana n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi wa amperes amagana n'amagana. Muri iki gihe, ubushyuhe bwa Joule Qj ni bunini cyane kandi buba isoko nyamukuru yo kurekura ubushyuhe bwa bateri.
Ukurikije uburyo bwo kugenzura imicungire y'ubushyuhe, sisitemu zo gucunga ubushyuhe (HVH) bishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: imikorere n'imikorere idahinduka. Ukurikije uburyo bwo kohereza ubushyuhe, sisitemu zo gucunga ubushyuhe zishobora kugabanywamo: zikonjeshwa n'umwuka (Igishyushya cy'umwuka cya PTC), ikonjeshejwe n'amazi (Igishyushya gikonjesha cya PTC), hamwe n'ububiko bw'ubushyuhe buhindura icyiciro.
Kugira ngo ubushyuhe bwimurwe hakoreshejwe icyuma gikonjesha (PTC Coolant Heater) nk'igikoresho, ni ngombwa gushyiraho uburyo bwo kohereza ubushyuhe hagati ya module n'icyuma gikonjesha, nk'agasanduku k'amazi, kugira ngo hakorwe ubushyuhe bukonje mu buryo butaziguye mu buryo bwo kohereza ubushyuhe no gutanga ubushyuhe. Uburyo bwo kohereza ubushyuhe bushobora kuba amazi, ethylene glycol cyangwa se Refrigerant. Hariho kandi kohereza ubushyuhe butaziguye binyuze mu gushyira igice cy'inkingi mu mazi ya dielectric, ariko ingamba zo gukingira zigomba gufatwa kugira ngo hirindwe ko habaho umuvuduko mugufi.
Gukonjesha icyuma gikonjesha kidakoresha umwuka ushyushye gikoresha amazi hanyuma kigashyira cocoons muri bateri kugira ngo gikoreshwe mu buryo bwa kabiri, mu gihe gukonjesha gikora gikoresha ibikoresho bikonjesha-amazi bikoresha moteri, cyangwa PTC amashanyarazi ashyushya/amavuta ashyushye kugira ngo bikonjeshe ibanze. Gukonjesha, gukonjesha ibanze hakoreshejwe icyuma gikonjesha-amazi gikoresha umwuka/umwuka ushyushye.
Ku buryo bwo gucunga ubushyuhe bukoresha umwuka n'amazi nk'uburyo bwo gukoresha, inyubako ni nini cyane kandi igoye bitewe n'uko hakenewe abafana, ipompo z'amazi, imashini zihindura ubushyuhe, ibyuma bishyushya, imiyoboro n'ibindi bikoresho, kandi binakoresha ingufu za bateri kandi bikagabanya imbaraga za bateri.
Sisitemu yo gukonjesha bateri ikonjeshwa n'amazi ikoresha icyuma gikonjesha (50% by'amazi / 50% ethylene glycol) kugira ngo yohereze ubushyuhe bwa bateri kuri sisitemu yo gukonjesha ikoresha icyuma gikonjesha bateri, hanyuma ikabushyira mu kirere binyuze muri icyuma gikonjesha. Ubushyuhe bw'amazi yinjira muri bateri bukonjeshwa na bateri. Biroroshye kugera ku bushyuhe buri hasi nyuma yo guhinduranya ubushyuhe, kandi bateri ishobora guhindurwa kugira ngo ikore ku rugero rwiza rw'ubushyuhe; ihame rya sisitemu rigaragara ku ishusho. Ibice by'ingenzi bya sisitemu yo gukonjesha birimo: icyuma gikonjesha, icyuma gikonjesha cy'amashanyarazi, icyuma gikonjesha, icyuma gikonjesha gifite icyuma gikonjesha, icyuma gikonjesha bateri (icyuma gikonjesha gifite icyuma gikonjesha) n'imiyoboro y'umwuka, nibindi; uruziga rw'amazi akonjesha rugizwe na: pompe y'amazi y'amashanyarazi, bateri (harimo n'amasahani yo gukonjesha), icyuma gikonjesha bateri, imiyoboro y'amazi, ibigega byo kwagura n'ibindi bikoresho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 27 Mata 2023
