Bumwe mu ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi ry'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu ni bateri zikoresha ingufu. Ubwiza bwa bateri bugena ikiguzi cy'imodoka zikoresha ingufu ku ruhande rumwe, n'urwego rw'imodoka zikoresha ingufu ku rundi ruhande. Ikintu cy'ingenzi mu kwemerwa no gukoreshwa vuba.
Dukurikije imiterere y'ikoreshwa, ibisabwa n'imiterere y'ikoreshwa rya bateri z'amashanyarazi, ubwoko bw'ubushakashatsi n'iterambere rya bateri z'amashanyarazi mu gihugu no mu mahanga ni: bateri za aside ya lead, bateri za nickel-cadmium, bateri za hydride ya nickel-metal, bateri za lithium-ion, utwuma twa lisansi, nibindi, muri byo iterambere rya bateri za lithium-ion ryitabwaho cyane.
Imyitwarire yo gukora ubushyuhe bwa batiri y'amashanyarazi
Isoko y'ubushyuhe, igipimo cyo gukora ubushyuhe, ubushobozi bw'ubushyuhe bwa bateri n'ibindi bipimo bifitanye isano bya module ya bateri y'ingufu bifitanye isano rya hafi n'imiterere ya bateri. Ubushyuhe buva muri bateri buterwa n'imiterere ya shimi, mekanike n'amashanyarazi ndetse n'imiterere ya bateri, cyane cyane imiterere y'imikorere ya electrochemical. Ingufu z'ubushyuhe zikomoka muri bateri zishobora kugaragazwa n'ubushyuhe bwa bateri Qr; polarization ya electrochemical ituma voltage nyayo ya bateri itandukana n'imbaraga zayo za electromotive, kandi igihombo cy'ingufu giterwa no guhindagurika kwa bateri kigaragazwa na Qp. Uretse reaction ya bateri ikomeza hakurikijwe ikigereranyo cy'ikoreshwa, hari n'imyitwarire imwe n'imwe. Imyitwarire isanzwe irimo gusenyuka kwa electrolyte no kwiyambura bateri. Ubushyuhe bwa reaction ku ruhande bukorwa muri ubu buryo ni Qs. Byongeye kandi, kubera ko bateri iyo ari yo yose izagira resistance, ubushyuhe bwa Joule Qj buzakorwa iyo umuriro urenze. Kubwibyo, ubushyuhe bwose bwa bateri ni igiteranyo cy'ubushyuhe bw'ibi bikurikira: Qt=Qr+Qp+Qs+Qj.
Bitewe n'uburyo bwihariye bwo gusharija (gusohora), ibintu by'ingenzi bituma bateri ikora ubushyuhe nabyo biratandukanye. Urugero, iyo bateri isanzwe isharija, Qr niyo ngingo nyamukuru; kandi mu cyiciro cya nyuma cyo gusharija bateri, bitewe no gusenyuka kwa electrolyte, ingaruka zo ku ruhande zitangira kubaho (ubushyuhe bwo ku ruhande ni Qs), iyo bateri hafi ya yose isharija kandi ishyushye cyane, Ikintu kibaho cyane ni ugusenyuka kwa electrolyte, aho Qs ari yo yiganje. Ubushyuhe bwa Joule Qj buterwa n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi n'ubudahangarwa. Uburyo bukoreshwa cyane bwo gusharija bukorwa munsi y'umuyoboro uhoraho, kandi Qj ni agaciro runaka muri iki gihe. Ariko, mu gihe cyo gutangira no kwihutisha, umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi uba uri hejuru cyane. Kuri HEV, ibi bingana n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi wa amperes amagana n'amagana. Muri iki gihe, ubushyuhe bwa Joule Qj ni bunini cyane kandi buba isoko nyamukuru yo kurekura ubushyuhe bwa bateri.
Mu rwego rwo kugenzura uburyo ubushyuhe bukoreshwa, sisitemu zo gucunga ubushyuhe zishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: imikorere n'imikorere idakora. Mu rwego rwo kugenzura uburyo bwo kohereza ubushyuhe, sisitemu zo gucunga ubushyuhe zishobora kugabanywamo: ububiko bw'ubushyuhe bukonjeshwa n'umwuka, ububiko bukonjeshwa n'amazi, n'ububiko buhindura ikirere.
Gucunga ubushyuhe hakoreshejwe umwuka nk'uburyo bwo kohereza ubushyuhe
Uburyo bwo kohereza ubushyuhe bufite ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere n'ikiguzi cya sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe. Gukoresha umwuka nk'uburyo bwo kohereza ubushyuhe ni ukwinjiza umwuka mu buryo butaziguye ku buryo unyura muri module ya bateri kugira ngo ugere ku ntego yo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe. Muri rusange, abafana, umwuka winjira n'uwoherezwa n'ibindi bice birakenewe.
Dukurikije amasoko atandukanye y’umwuka ujyamo, muri rusange hari imiterere ikurikira:
1 Gukonjesha bidakora hamwe n'umwuka wo hanze
2. Gukonjesha/gushyushya bidakoresheje uburyo bwo guhumeka umwuka mu cyumba cy'abagenzi
3. Gukonjesha/gushyushya umwuka wo hanze cyangwa mu cyumba cy'abagenzi
Imiterere ya sisitemu idakora ni yoroshye kandi ikoresha neza ibidukikije bihari. Urugero, niba bateri ikeneye gushyushywa mu gihe cy'itumba, ibidukikije bishyushye mu cyumba cy'abagenzi bishobora gukoreshwa mu guhumeka umwuka. Iyo ubushyuhe bwa bateri buri hejuru cyane mu gihe cyo gutwara imodoka kandi ingaruka zo gukonja k'umwuka mu cyumba cy'abagenzi zitari nziza, umwuka ukonje uturuka hanze ushobora guhumeka kugira ngo ukonje.
Kuri sisitemu ikora, hagomba gushyirwaho sisitemu yihariye kugira ngo itange imikorere yo gushyushya cyangwa gukonjesha kandi igenzurwe ku giti cyayo hakurikijwe uko bateri imeze, ibyo bikaba byongera ikoreshwa ry'ingufu n'ikiguzi cy'imodoka. Guhitamo sisitemu zitandukanye ahanini biterwa n'ibisabwa mu ikoreshwa rya bateri.
Gucunga ubushyuhe hakoreshejwe amazi nk'uburyo bwo kohereza ubushyuhe
Kugira ngo ubushyuhe bwimurwe hakoreshejwe amazi nk'uburyo bwo kohereza ubushyuhe, ni ngombwa gushyiraho uburyo bwo kohereza ubushyuhe hagati ya module n'uburyo bwo kohereza amazi, nk'ikoti ry'amazi, kugira ngo hakorwe ubushyuhe n'ubukonje mu buryo butaziguye mu buryo bwo kohereza ubushyuhe no gutanga ubushyuhe. Uburyo bwo kohereza ubushyuhe bushobora kuba amazi, ethylene glycol cyangwa se Refrigerant. Hariho kandi kohereza ubushyuhe butaziguye binyuze mu gushyira igice cy'inkingi mu mazi ya dielectric, ariko ingamba zo gukingira zigomba gufatwa kugira ngo hirindwe ko habaho umuvuduko mugufi.
Gukonjesha amazi bidakoresha amazi muri rusange bikoresha uburyo bwo gushyushya ubushyuhe bw’umwuka buri hagati y’amazi hanyuma bigashyiramo cocoons muri bateri kugira ngo bihindure ubushyuhe bwa kabiri, mu gihe gukonjesha gukoresha uburyo bwo gushyushya ubushyuhe buri hagati ya moteri, cyangwa gushyushya amavuta ashyushye/ashyushye kugira ngo bikonjeshe bwa mbere. Gushyushya, gukonjesha bwa mbere hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gushyushya bukoresha umwuka/umwuka ukonjesha icyuma gikonjesha-amazi.
Sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe irimo umwuka n'amazi nk'igikoresho gisaba abafana, ipompo z'amazi, imashini zihindura ubushyuhe, n'ibishyushya (Igishyushya cy'umwuka cya PTC), imiyoboro n'ibindi bikoresho kugira ngo imiterere ibe nini cyane kandi igoye, kandi inakoresha ingufu za bateri, urutonde rw'imbaraga n'ubucucike bw'ingufu bya bateri biragabanuka.
(Igikoresho gikonjesha cya PTCicyuma gishyushya) Sisitemu yo gukonjesha bateri ikonjeshwa n'amazi ikoresha icyuma gikonjesha (50% by'amazi / 50% ethylene glycol) kugira ngo yohereze ubushyuhe kuva kuri bateri bujya kuri sisitemu yo gukonjesha ikoresha icyuma gikonjesha ikoresheje icyuma gikonjesha bateri, hanyuma ikabugeza ku bidukikije binyuze muri icyuma gikonjesha. Ubushyuhe bw'amazi buturuka mu mahanga bworoshye kugera ku bushyuhe buri hasi nyuma yo guhinduranya ubushyuhe hakoreshejwe icyuma gikonjesha bateri, kandi bateri ishobora guhindurwa kugira ngo ikore ku rugero rwiza rw'ubushyuhe; ihame rya sisitemu rigaragara ku ishusho. Ibice by'ingenzi bya sisitemu yo gukonjesha birimo: icyuma gikonjesha, icyuma gikonjesha amashanyarazi, icyuma gikonjesha, icyuma gikonjesha gifite icyuma gikonjesha, icyuma gikonjesha bateri (icyuma gikonjesha gifite icyuma gikonjesha imashini) n'imiyoboro y'umwuka, nibindi; uruziga rw'amazi akonjesha rurimo:pompe y'amazi y'amashanyarazi, bateri (harimo n'amasahani yo gukonjesha), ibyuma bikonjesha bateri, imiyoboro y'amazi, ibigega byo kwagura n'ibindi bikoresho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 13 Nyakanga-2023
