Intego yubuyobozi bwubushyuhe nuburyo uburyo bwo guhumeka bukora: "Gushyushya no guhana"
Imicungire yubushyuhe bwibinyabiziga bishya byingufu bihuye nihame ryakazi ryoguhumeka murugo.Bombi bakoresha ihame rya "revers Carnot cycle" kugirango bahindure imiterere ya firigo binyuze mumirimo ya compressor, bityo bahana ubushyuhe hagati yumuyaga na firigo kugirango bagere ku gukonja no gushyushya.Intego yo gucunga ubushyuhe ni "ubushyuhe no guhana".Imicungire yubushyuhe bwibinyabiziga bishya byingufu bihuye nihame ryakazi ryoguhumeka murugo.Bombi bakoresha ihame rya "revers Carnot cycle" kugirango bahindure imiterere ya firigo binyuze mumirimo ya compressor, bityo bahana ubushyuhe hagati yumuyaga na firigo kugirango bagere ku gukonja no gushyushya.Igabanijwemo ibice bitatu: 1) Inzira ya moteri: cyane cyane gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe;2) Inzira ya Bateri: isaba guhindura ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, bisaba ubushyuhe no gukonja;3) Inzira ya Cockpit: isaba ubushyuhe no gukonjesha (bijyanye no gukonjesha no gukonjesha).Uburyo bukora burashobora kumvikana gusa nkukureba ko ibice bya buri muzunguruko bigera kubushyuhe bukwiye.Icyerekezo cyo kuzamura ni uko imirongo itatu ihujwe murukurikirane kandi iringaniye kugirango tumenye guhuza no gukoresha ubukonje nubushyuhe.Kurugero, icyuma gikonjesha cyimodoka cyohereza ubukonje / ubushyuhe bwakorewe muri kabine, aribwo "umuzunguruko uhumeka" wo gucunga ubushyuhe;urugero rwicyerekezo cyo kuzamura: nyuma yumuzunguruko wumuyaga hamwe numuzunguruko wa batiri uhujwe murukurikirane / ugereranije, umuzunguruko utanga umuyaga utanga uruziga rwa bateri hamwe no gukonjesha / Ubushyuhe nigisubizo "cyiza cyo gucunga ubushyuhe" (kubika ibice byumuzunguruko wa batiri / ingufu gukoresha neza).Intangiriro yo gucunga amashyuza ni ugucunga ubushyuhe, kugirango ubushyuhe butembera aho "bikenewe";kandi imicungire myiza yubushyuhe ni "kuzigama ingufu no gukora neza" kugirango tumenye neza no guhana ubushyuhe.
Tekinoroji yo kugera kuriyi nzira ituruka muri firigo ikonjesha.Gukonjesha / gushyushya firigo zikonjesha bigerwaho hifashishijwe ihame rya "reverse Carnot cycle".Muri make, firigo irahagarikwa na compressor kugirango ishyushye, hanyuma firigo ishyushye inyura muri kondenseri ikarekura ubushyuhe mubidukikije.Mubikorwa, firigo ya exothermic ihinduka ubushyuhe busanzwe hanyuma ikinjira mumashanyarazi kugirango yagure kugirango irusheho kugabanya ubushyuhe, hanyuma igaruka kuri compressor kugirango itangire ukwezi gukurikira kugirango tumenye ihererekanyabubasha mu kirere, kandi valve yaguka na compressor nibyo ingenzi cyane muriki gice cyibice.Imicungire yumuriro wa Automotive ishingiye kuri iri hame kugirango igere ku micungire yubushyuhe bwimodoka muguhana ubushyuhe cyangwa imbeho ziva mumuzunguruko uhindura indi miyoboro.
Imodoka nshya yambere yingufu zifite imiyoboro yigenga yubushyuhe kandi ikora neza.Imirongo itatu (icyuma gikonjesha, bateri, na moteri) ya sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe bwa mbere yakoraga yigenga, ni ukuvuga ko icyuma kizana umuyaga cyari gifite inshingano zo gukonjesha no gushyushya cockpit;uruziga rwa batiri rwashinzwe gusa kugenzura ubushyuhe bwa bateri;na moteri ya moteri yari ishinzwe gusa gukonjesha moteri.Iyi moderi yigenga itera ibibazo nkubwigenge hagati yibigize no gukoresha ingufu nke.Ikigaragara cyane mu binyabiziga bishya byingufu ni ibibazo nkumuzunguruko utoroshye wo gucunga ubushyuhe, ubuzima bwa bateri nabi, hamwe nuburemere bwumubiri.Kubwibyo, inzira yiterambere yubuyobozi bwumuriro nugukora imirongo itatu ya batiri, moteri, na konderasi bifatanya hagati yabo bishoboka, kandi tukamenya guhuza ibice ningufu zishoboka kugirango tugere kubintu bito bito, byoroheje uburemere nuburebure bwa bateri.mileage.
2. Iterambere ryimicungire yubushyuhe ninzira yo guhuza ibice no gukoresha ingufu neza
Ongera usubiremo amateka yiterambere ryimicungire yubushyuhe bwibisekuru bitatu byimodoka nshya zingufu, kandi valve-nzira-nini ni ikintu gikenewe mukuzamura imicungire yumuriro.
Iterambere ryimicungire yumuriro ninzira yo guhuza ibice no gukoresha ingufu neza.Binyuze mu kugereranya muri make hejuru, urashobora gusanga ugereranije na sisitemu igezweho igezweho, sisitemu yambere yo gucunga amashyuza ahanini ifite imikoranire myinshi mumuzunguruko, kugirango tugere ku kugabana ibice no gukoresha ingufu.Turareba iterambere ryimicungire yubushyuhe duhereye kubashoramari.Ntidukeneye kumva amahame yimirimo yibigize byose, ariko gusobanukirwa neza nuburyo buri muzunguruko ukora hamwe namateka yubwihindurize bwumuriro wumuriro bizadufasha guhanura neza.Menya icyerekezo kizaza cyiterambere cyumuriro wumuriro, hamwe nimpinduka zijyanye nagaciro k ibice.Kubwibyo, ibikurikira bizasubiramo muri make amateka yubwihindurize ya sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe kugirango tubashe kuvumbura amahirwe yo gushora hamwe.
Imicungire yubushyuhe bwimodoka nshya yubusanzwe yubatswe ninzira eshatu.1) Umuyoboro uhumeka: Inzira ikora nayo ni umuzenguruko ufite agaciro kanini mugucunga amashyuza.Igikorwa cyacyo nyamukuru nuguhindura ubushyuhe bwa kabine no guhuza nizindi nzitizi zibangikanye.Ubusanzwe itanga ubushyuhe nihame rya PTC (Ubushyuhe bwa PTC/Ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere) cyangwa pompe yubushyuhe kandi itanga ubukonje binyuze mumahame yo guhumeka;2) Inzira ya Batiri: Ikoreshwa cyane cyane kugenzura ubushyuhe bwakazi bwa bateri kugirango bateri ihore igumana ubushyuhe bwiza bwakazi, bityo uyu muzunguruko ukenera ubushyuhe no gukonjesha icyarimwe ukurikije ibihe bitandukanye;3) Inzira ya moteri: Moteri izabyara ubushyuhe iyo ikora, kandi ubushyuhe bwayo bukora ni bugari.Umuzunguruko rero urasaba gukonjesha gusa.Twihweje ubwihindurize bwo guhuza sisitemu no gukora neza mugereranya impinduka zogukoresha ubushyuhe bwa moderi nyamukuru ya Tesla, Model S na Model Y. Muri rusange, sisitemu yo mu bwoko bwa mbere bwo gucunga amashyuza: bateri ikonjesha ikirere cyangwa ikonjesha amazi, icyuma gikonjesha; ashyutswe na PTC, kandi sisitemu yo gutwara amashanyarazi ikonje.Inzitizi eshatu zibikwa muburyo bubangikanye kandi zigakora zidashingiye kuri buriwese;sisitemu yo mu gisekuru cya kabiri sisitemu yo gucunga amashyuza: Gukonjesha amazi ya Bateri, gushyushya PTC, kugenzura amashanyarazi ya moteri ikonjesha, gukoresha imikoreshereze y’imyanda y’amashanyarazi, kongera umurongo uhuza sisitemu, guhuza ibice;sisitemu yo mu gisekuru cya gatatu sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe: ubushyuhe bwa pompe yubushyuhe bwo gushyushya, gushyushya ibinyabiziga bikoresha moteri Ikoreshwa ryikoranabuhanga ryimbitse, sisitemu ihujwe murukurikirane, kandi umuzenguruko uragoye kandi urahujwe cyane.Twizera ko ishingiro ryiterambere ryimicungire yubushyuhe bwimodoka nshya zingufu ari: hashingiwe kumyuka yubushyuhe no guhanahana ikoranabuhanga rihumeka, kugeza 1) kwirinda kwangirika kwubushyuhe;2) kuzamura ingufu;3) ongera ukoreshe ibice kugirango ugere kubunini no kugabanya ibiro.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-12-2023
