Ishingiro ry'imicungire y'ubushyuhe ni uburyo icyuma gikonjesha gikora: "Urugendo rw'ubushyuhe n'ihererekanya"
Gucunga ubushyuhe bw'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu bihuye n'ihame ry'imikorere y'ibikoresho bikonjesha mu ngo. Byombi bikoresha ihame rya "reverse Carnot cycle" kugira ngo bihindure imiterere ya refrigerant binyuze mu kazi ka compressor, bityo bihinduranya ubushyuhe hagati y'umwuka n'icyuma gikonjesha kugira ngo bikonje kandi bishyuhe. Ishingiro ry'imicungire y'ubushyuhe ni "urujya n'uruza rw'ubushyuhe n'ihererekanya". Gucunga ubushyuhe bw'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu bihuye n'ihame ry'imikorere y'ibikoresho bikonjesha mu ngo. Byombi bikoresha ihame rya "reverse Carnot cycle" kugira ngo bihindure imiterere ya refrigerant binyuze mu kazi ka compressor, bityo bihinduranya ubushyuhe hagati y'umwuka n'icyuma gikonjesha kugira ngo bikonje kandi bishyuhe. Bigabanyijemo ahanini imiyoboro itatu: 1) Umuyoboro wa moteri: ahanini ugamije gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe; 2) Umuyoboro wa bateri: ukeneye guhindura ubushyuhe bwinshi, bisaba ubushyuhe n'ubukonje; 3) Umuyoboro wa Cockpit: ukeneye ubushyuhe n'ubukonje (bijyanye no gukonjesha no gushyushya). Uburyo bwo gukora bushobora kumvikana mu buryo bworoshye ko ibice bya buri muyoboro bigera ku bushyuhe bukwiye bwo gukora. Icyerekezo cyo kuvugurura ni uko imiyoboro itatu ihuzwa mu buryo bukurikiranye kandi ikaba ijyanye kugira ngo ubukonje n'ubushyuhe bihuzwe kandi bikoreshwe. Urugero, icyuma gikonjesha mu modoka cyohereza ubukonje/ubushyuhe bukorerwa mu kabari, ari cyo "gikoresho gikonjesha" cyo gucunga ubushyuhe; urugero rw'icyerekezo cyo kuvugurura: nyuma y'uko icyuma gikonjesha n'icyuma gikonjesha bihujwe mu buryo bukurikiranye/bufatanye, icyuma gikonjesha gitanga ubukonje mu gikoresho cya bateri/ Ubushyuhe ni "igisubizo cyiza cyo gucunga ubushyuhe" (kugabanya ibice bya circuit ya bateri/gukoresha ingufu neza). Ishingiro ry'imicungire y'ubushyuhe ni ugucunga urujya n'uruza rw'ubushyuhe, kugira ngo ubushyuhe bugere aho "bukenewe"; kandi imicungire myiza y'ubushyuhe ni "kuzigama ingufu no gukora neza" kugira ngo hamenyekane urujya n'uruza rw'ubushyuhe.
Ikoranabuhanga ryo kugera kuri iyi gahunda rituruka kuri firigo zikonjesha. Gukonjesha/gushyushya firigo zikonjesha bigerwaho binyuze mu ihame rya "reverse Carnot cycle". Muri make, firigo ishyirwamo compressor kugira ngo ishyuhe, hanyuma firigo ishyushye inyura muri condenser ikarekura ubushyuhe ikabujyana hanze. Muri iyo nzira, firigo ihinduka ubushyuhe busanzwe ikajya mu cyuma gishyushya kugira ngo irusheho kwaguka kugira ngo igabanye ubushyuhe, hanyuma igasubira kuri compressor kugira ngo itangire uruziga rukurikiraho kugira ngo ihererekanye ubushyuhe mu kirere, kandi valve yo kwagura na compressor ni byo by'ingenzi cyane muri iki gikorwa. Gucunga ubushyuhe bw'imodoka bishingiye kuri iri hame kugira ngo hagerwe ku micungire y'ubushyuhe bw'imodoka binyuze mu guhinduza ubushyuhe cyangwa ubukonje kuva kuri circuit conditioning circuit ujya ku zindi circuits.
Ibinyabiziga bishya bikoresha ingufu bya mbere bifite imiyoboro yigenga icunga ubushyuhe kandi imikorere yayo iciriritse. Imiyoboro itatu (ikora ku gikonjesha, bateri, na moteri) ya sisitemu yo mu ntangiriro icunga ubushyuhe yakoraga ku giti cye, ni ukuvuga ko imiyoboro ikora ku gikonjesha yari ishinzwe gusa gukonjesha no gushyushya icyumba cyo mu gikoni; imiyoboro ya bateri yari ishinzwe gusa kugenzura ubushyuhe bwa bateri; naho imiyoboro ya moteri yari ishinzwe gusa gukonjesha moteri. Ubu buryo bwigenga butera ibibazo nko kwigenga hagati y’ibice n’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu nke. Ibimenyetso by’ingenzi mu binyabiziga bishya bikoresha ingufu ni ibibazo nk’imiyoboro igoye icunga ubushyuhe, igihe gito bateri imara, n’ubwiyongere bw’ibiro by’umubiri. Kubwibyo, inzira y’iterambere ry’imiyoboro icunga ubushyuhe ni ugutuma imiyoboro itatu ya bateri, moteri, na conditioner ikorana uko bishoboka kose, no kumenya uburyo ibice n’ingufu bikorana uko bishoboka kose kugira ngo haboneke ingano nto y’ibice, uburemere bworoshye kandi igihe kirekire bateri imara.
2. Iterambere ry'imicungire y'ubushyuhe ni inzira yo guhuza ibice no gukoresha ingufu neza
Suzuma amateka y'iterambere ry'imicungire y'ubushyuhe mu bisekuru bitatu by'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu, kandi valve y'inzira nyinshi ni ingenzi mu kuvugurura imicungire y'ubushyuhe.
Iterambere ry’imicungire y’ubushyuhe ni inzira yo guhuza ibice no gukoresha neza ingufu. Binyuze mu kugereranya muri make byavuzwe haruguru, byagaragaye ko ugereranije na sisitemu igezweho cyane, sisitemu ya mbere yo gucunga ubushyuhe ifite ubufatanye bwinshi hagati y’ibice, kugira ngo tugere ku gusangira ibice no gukoresha ingufu hamwe. Tureba iterambere ry’imicungire y’ubushyuhe dukurikije uko abashoramari babibona. Ntidukeneye gusobanukirwa amahame y’imikorere y’ibice byose, ariko gusobanukirwa neza uburyo buri gice gikora n’amateka y’impinduka z’ibice byo gucunga ubushyuhe bizadufasha guhanura neza kurushaho. Kumenya icyerekezo cy’iterambere ry’ibice byo gucunga ubushyuhe mu gihe kizaza, n’impinduka zijyanye n’agaciro k’ibice. Kubwibyo, ibi bikurikira bizasuzuma muri make amateka y’impinduka z’ibice byo gucunga ubushyuhe kugira ngo tubashe kuvumbura amahirwe y’ishoramari mu gihe kizaza.
Imicungire y'ubushyuhe bw'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu ubusanzwe yubakwa n'imirongo itatu. 1) Umurongo utanga umwuka ushyushye: Umurongo utanga umwuka ni wo murongo ufite agaciro kanini mu micungire y'ubushyuhe. Inshingano yawo nyamukuru ni uguhindura ubushyuhe bw'akazu no guhuza n'izindi mirongo. Ubusanzwe itanga ubushyuhe hakurikijwe ihame rya PTC (Igishyushya gikonjesha cya PTC/Igishyushya cy'umwuka cya PTC) cyangwa pompe y'ubushyuhe kandi itanga ubukonje binyuze mu ihame rya conditioning; 2) Urugendo rwa bateri: Rukoreshwa cyane cyane mu kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'imikorere ya bateri kugira ngo bateri ihore ikora neza, bityo uru rugando rukenera ubushyuhe n'ubukonje icyarimwe hakurikijwe ibihe bitandukanye; 3) Urugendo rwa moteri: Moteri izatanga ubushyuhe iyo ikora, kandi ubushyuhe bwayo bwo gukora ni bwinshi. Bityo uru rugando rusaba gusa gukonjesha. Twitegereza iterambere ry'uburyo bwo guhuza no gukora neza kwa sisitemu tugereranya impinduka mu micungire y'ubushyuhe bwa moderi nkuru za Tesla, Model S na Model Y. Muri rusange, sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe yo mu gisekuru cya mbere: bateri ikonjeshwa n'umwuka cyangwa ikonjeshwa n'amazi, conditioner ishyushya na PTC, na sisitemu yo gutwara amashanyarazi ikonjeshwa n'amazi. Utu duce dutatu duhora duhurira hamwe kandi dukora mu buryo bwihariye; sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe yo mu gisekuru cya kabiri: Gukonjesha amazi ya bateri, Gushyushya PTC, Gukonjesha amazi ya moteri, gukoresha ubushyuhe bwa moteri y'amashanyarazi, kongera imbaraga mu guhuza hagati ya sisitemu, guhuza ibice; Sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe yo mu gisekuru cya gatatu: gushyushya ipompo ikoresha ubushyuhe, gushyushya moteri. Ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga rirakomera, sisitemu zihuzwa mu buryo bukurikiranye, kandi urusobe rw'amashanyarazi ruragoye kandi ruhuza cyane. Twizera ko ishingiro ry'iterambere ry'imicungire y'ubushyuhe bw'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu ari: hashingiwe ku bushyuhe n'ihererekanya ry'ikoranabuhanga rikoresha ubushyuhe, kugira ngo 1) hirindwe kwangirika k'ubushyuhe; 2) kunoza imikorere myiza y'ingufu; 3) kongera gukoresha ibice kugira ngo bigabanuke ingano n'uburemere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-12-2023
