Ibinyabiziga bishya bikoresha ingufu ni ibinyabiziga bidakoresha moteri ikoresha umuriro nk'isoko nyamukuru y'ingufu, kandi birangwa no gukoresha moteri z'amashanyarazi. Bateri ishobora gusharijwa hifashishijwe moteri yubatswemo, umuyoboro wo hanze wo gusharija, ingufu z'izuba, ingufu za chimique cyangwa ndetse n'ingufu za hydrogen.
Icyiciro cya 1: Imodoka ya mbere ikoresha amashanyarazi ku isi yagaragaye hagati mu kinyejana cya 19, kandi iyi modoka ikoresha amashanyarazi yari ikorwa ahanini n'ibisekuruza bibiri.
Icya mbere cyari igikoresho cyo kohereza amashanyarazi cyarangiye mu 1828 n'umuhanga w'Umunya-Hongiriya witwa Aacute nyos Jedlik muri laboratwari ye. Imodoka ya mbere y'amashanyarazi yaje gutegurwa n'Umunyamerika Anderson hagati ya 1832 na 1839. Bateri yakoreshejwe muri iyi modoka y'amashanyarazi yari yoroshye kandi idashobora kongera kuzura. Mu 1899, havumbuwe moteri y'ibiziga by'amapine na Porsche y'Abadage kugira ngo isimbuze umugozi w'imodoka wakoreshwaga mu modoka icyo gihe. Ibi byakurikiwe n'iterambere ry'imodoka y'amashanyarazi ya Lohner-Porsche, yakoreshaga bateri ya aside y'icunga nk'isoko y'amashanyarazi yayo kandi yatwarwaga na moteri y'ibiziga by'amapine mu mapine y'imbere - imodoka ya mbere yitwa Porsche.
Icyiciro cya 2: Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20 habayeho iterambere rya moteri ikoresha umuriro w'imbere, byatumye imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi gusa iva ku isoko.
Bitewe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rya moteri, kuvumbura moteri ikoresha umuriro w’imbere no kunoza uburyo bwo kuyikora, imodoka ikoresha lisansi yagize akarusho gakomeye muri iki cyiciro. Bitandukanye n’ingorane zo gukoresha imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, iki cyiciro cyatumye imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi gusa zikurwa ku isoko ry’imodoka.
Icyiciro cya 3: Mu myaka ya 1960, ikibazo cya peteroli cyazanye imbaraga nshya ku modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi gusa.
Muri iki cyiciro, umugabane w’u Burayi wari usanzwe uri mu nganda, igihe ikibazo cya peteroli cyari cyaragaragaye kenshi, kandi ubwo abantu batangiraga gutekereza ku ibiza bikabije bishobora guterwa n’ibidukikije. Ubunini buto bwa moteri y’amashanyarazi, ibura ry’umwanda, ibura ry’imyotsi isohora umwotsi n’urusaku ruto byatumye habaho kongera gushishikazwa n’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi gusa. Bitewe n’imari, ikoranabuhanga ryo gutwara imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ryateye imbere cyane muri icyo myaka, imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zarushijeho kwitabwaho cyane, kandi imodoka nto zikoresha amashanyarazi zatangiye kwinjizwa ku isoko risanzwe, nko mu kibuga cya golf.
Icyiciro cya 4: Mu myaka ya 1990 habayeho gutinda mu ikoranabuhanga rya bateri, bituma abakora imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi bahindura icyerekezo.
Ikibazo gikomeye cyabangamiye iterambere ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi mu myaka ya 1990 ni iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rya bateri ryari ritinze. Nta ntambwe ikomeye yatewe na bateri yatumye nta ntambwe yatewe mu buryo bwo gushyushya imodoka, bituma abakora imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi bahura n’ibibazo bikomeye. Abakora imodoka gakondo, bahanganye n’igitutu cy’isoko, batangiye gukora imodoka zivanze kugira ngo bakemure ibibazo bya bateri ngufi n’aho zinyura. Iki gihe gihagarariwe neza na PHEV plug-in hybrids na HEV hybrids.
Icyiciro cya 5: Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 21, habayeho iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rya bateri maze ibihugu bitangira gukoresha imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ku rwego runini.
Muri iki cyiciro, ubucucike bwa bateri bwariyongereye, kandi urwego rw'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi narwo rwariyongereye ku kigero cya kilometero 50 ku mwaka, kandi imbaraga za moteri zikoresha amashanyarazi ntizari zikiri nkeya nk'iz'imodoka zimwe na zimwe zikoresha lisansi nke.
Icyiciro cya 6: Iterambere ry'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu ryatewe n'ingufu nshya zikora imodoka zikoresha ingufu zihagarariwe na Tesla.
Tesla, ikigo kidafite uburambe mu gukora imodoka, cyavuye ku isosiyete ntoya ikora imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi kigera ku isosiyete mpuzamahanga y’imodoka mu myaka 15 gusa, gikora ibyo abayobozi bakuru b’imodoka n’abandi bayobozi b’imodoka badashobora gukora.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama 17-2023
