Imodoka nshya zingufu ni ibinyabiziga bidashingira kuri moteri yaka imbere nkisoko nyamukuru yingufu, kandi birangwa no gukoresha moteri yamashanyarazi.Batare irashobora kwishyurwa hakoreshejwe moteri yubatswe, icyambu cyohereza hanze, ingufu z'izuba, ingufu za chimique cyangwa ingufu za hydrogen.
Icyiciro cya 1: Imodoka ya mbere yamashanyarazi kwisi yagaragaye hagati yikinyejana cya 19, kandi iyi modoka yamashanyarazi yari umurimo wibisekuru 2.
Iya mbere yari igikoresho cyo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi cyarangiye mu 1828 na injeniyeri wo muri Hongiriya Aacute nyos Jedlik muri laboratoire ye.Imodoka ya mbere yamashanyarazi noneho yatunganijwe numunyamerika Anderson hagati ya 1832 na 1839. Batare yakoreshejwe muriyi modoka yamashanyarazi yari yoroshye kandi ntishobora kuzuzwa.1899 yabonye moteri ya moteri yibiziga na Porsche yo mu Budage kugirango isimbuze urunigi noneho rukoreshwa mumodoka.Ibyo byakurikiwe no guteza imbere imodoka y’amashanyarazi ya Lohner-Porsche, yakoresheje bateri ya aside-aside nkisoko y’ingufu zayo kandi itwarwa na moteri ya moteri yibiziga mu ruziga rwimbere - imodoka ya mbere yitiriwe izina rya Porsche.
Icyiciro cya 2: Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20 habaye iterambere rya moteri yo gutwika imbere, yakuye imodoka y'amashanyarazi gusa ku isoko.
Hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya moteri, kuvumbura moteri yaka imbere no kunoza tekinike yumusaruro, imodoka ya lisansi yateje imbere byimazeyo muriki cyiciro.Bitandukanye nuburyo bwo kwishyuza imodoka zamashanyarazi, iki cyiciro cyabonye kuvana imodoka zamashanyarazi gusa kumasoko yimodoka.
Icyiciro cya 3: Mu myaka ya za 1960, ikibazo cya peteroli cyazanye kwibanda ku binyabiziga byamashanyarazi gusa.
Kuri iki cyiciro, umugabane w’Uburayi wari usanzwe uri hagati y’inganda, igihe ikibazo cya peteroli cyagaragaye kenshi kandi igihe abantu batangiye gutekereza ku biza byiyongera ku bidukikije bishobora guterwa.Ingano ntoya ya moteri yamashanyarazi, kubura umwanda, kubura umwotsi mwinshi hamwe nurusaku ruke byatumye abantu bongera gushishikarira ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi gusa.Bitewe nigishoro, tekinoroji yo gutwara ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi yateye imbere cyane muri iyo myaka icumi, imodoka zamashanyarazi zitanduye zarushijeho kwitabwaho kandi imodoka nto zamashanyarazi zatangiye gufata isoko risanzwe, nkibinyabiziga bigenda bya golf.
Icyiciro cya 4: Mu myaka ya za 90 habaye gutinda mu ikoranabuhanga rya batiri, bituma abakora ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi bahindura inzira.
Ikibazo gikomeye kibangamira iterambere ryimodoka zamashanyarazi mumyaka ya za 90 ni iterambere ridindira ryikoranabuhanga rya batiri.Nta terambere rikomeye ryakozwe muri bateri ryatumye nta terambere ryagerwaho mu gasanduku k'isanduku, bigatuma abakora ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi bahura n'ibibazo bikomeye.Abakora imodoka gakondo, kubera igitutu cy isoko, batangiye guteza imbere ibinyabiziga bivangavanze kugirango bakemure ibibazo bya bateri ngufi.Iki gihe cyerekanwe neza na PHEV icomeka muri Hybride na HEV.
Icyiciro cya 5: Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 21, habaye intambwe mu ikoranabuhanga rya batiri maze ibihugu bitangira gukoresha ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi ku rugero runini.
Kuri iki cyiciro, ubwinshi bwa bateri bwiyongereye, kandi urwego rw’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi narwo rwiyongereye ku kigero cya kilometero 50 ku mwaka, kandi ingufu za moteri y’amashanyarazi ntizari zigifite intege nke ugereranije n’imodoka zimwe na zimwe ziva mu kirere.
Icyiciro cya 6: Iterambere ryimodoka nshya zingufu zatewe ningufu nshya zo gukora ibinyabiziga bitanga ingufu zihagarariwe na Tesla.
Tesla, isosiyete idafite uburambe mu gukora imodoka, yavuye mu isosiyete ntoya itangiza amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi igera ku isosiyete y’imodoka ku isi mu myaka 15 gusa, ikora ibyo GM n’abandi bayobozi b’imodoka badashobora gukora.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-17-2023
