Mu myaka ya vuba aha, inganda z’imodoka ku isi zateye imbere cyane mu gukoresha imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (EV) nk'ibindi bicuruzwa bisimbura ibikomoka kuri lisansi bisanzwe. Bitewe n’uko imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zigenda zirushaho gukundwa, hari hakenewe cyane gushyiraho uburyo bukomeye kandi bunoze bwo gucunga ubushyuhe bw’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (EVBTMS) kugira ngo bateri zikore neza kandi zikomeze gukora neza.
Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigize EVBTMS ni ugukoresha ibyuma bishyushya bifite ubushyuhe bwiza (PTC). Ibi bikoresho bishyushya bigezweho bigira uruhare runini mu kubungabunga ubushyuhe bwiza bwa bateri mu bihe by'ubukonje bukabije n'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Binyuze mu gukoresha imiterere ya PTC yigenga, ibi bikoresho bishyushya bishobora gutanga igisubizo cyizewe kandi cyiza cyo gushyushya ku bikoresho bitandukanye by'amashanyarazi.
Mu gihe cy'ubukonje, sisitemu za batiri mu modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zirangirika bitewe n'ubushyuhe buke.Igishyushya gikonjesha cya PTC/Igishyushya cy'umwuka cya PTC) guhangana n'iki kibazo binyuze mu gushyushya cyane ipaki ya bateri, kwemeza ko bateri ikora neza kandi yongera imikorere myiza y'imodoka muri rusange. Ubushyuhe buturuka kuri PTC heater bungana neza n'ubushyuhe bwa paki ya bateri, buhindura uburyo bwo kuyirwanya kugira ngo bugumane ubushyuhe buhamye kandi bwizewe. Mu gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe neza mu ipaki ya bateri, PTC heaters zifasha kugabanya igihombo cy'ingufu no kugumana igihe kirekire cyo kuyitwara ndetse no mu bihe by'ubukonje.
Ku rundi ruhande, mu bihe bishyushye, bateri za EV zishobora gushyuha cyane vuba, bigatuma ubushobozi bugabanuka, ndetse rimwe na rimwe, ubuzima bwa bateri bugahita bugabanuka. EVBTMS nziza ikoresha pompe y'amazi y'amashanyarazi izenguruka neza icyuma gikonjesha mu ipaki ya bateri, igacunga ubushyuhe buturuka mu gihe cyo gusharija no gusohora. Ibi bituma ubushyuhe buhorana kandi buhamye, ikarinda bateri ubushyuhe bukabije kandi ikamara igihe kirekire. Kongeramo icyuma gishyushya cya PTC byuzuza imikorere ya pompe y'amazi y'amashanyarazi binyuze mu gutanga ubushyuhe n'ubukonje icyarimwe, bigatuma paki ya bateri iguma mu rugero rwiza rw'ubushyuhe kugira ngo ikore neza cyane.
Gushyiramo ibyuma bishyushya PTC n'amapompe y'amazi akoreshwa n'amashanyarazi muri EVBTMS ntibituma bateri ikora neza gusa, ahubwo binatanga n'ibindi byiza byinshi. Icya mbere, umutekano rusange w'imodoka urushaho kwiyongera kuko sisitemu irinda ko ubushyuhe burenze urugero, bigagabanya ibyago byo gutakaza ubushyuhe n'ibyangirika bya bateri. Icya kabiri, mu kubungabunga imikorere myiza y'uturemangingo, igihe cyo gukoresha bateri gishobora kongerwa, bigatuma ikiguzi cyo kuyisana kigabanuka kandi umutungo ugakoreshwa mu buryo burambye.
Byongeye kandi, EVBTMS ikora neza igira uruhare mu ikoreshwa ry’ingufu mu buryo burambye kuko igabanya imyanda ikoreshwa mu ngufu binyuze mu kugenzura neza ubushyuhe buri muri bateri. Mu kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ingufu nyinshi riterwa no kudakoresha neza ubushyuhe, EV zishobora kongera uburebure bw’imodoka no kugabanya inshuro n’igihe cyo kuyishyuza, amaherezo bikagirira akamaro ibidukikije n’amafaranga y’abakoresha EV.
Muri make, guhuza ibyuma bishyushya bya PTC napompe z'amazi zikoresha amashanyaraziMuri sisitemu zo gucunga ubushyuhe bwa bateri za EV ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo EV irusheho gukora neza no kunoza imikorere n'ubushobozi bwazo. Ibi bice bigenzura kandi bigatanga ubushyuhe n'ubukonje, bituma bateri ikora neza mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe, bikongera igihe cyo kubaho kwayo no kunoza umutekano muri rusange. Binyuze mu gushyira mu bikorwa EVBTMS ikomeye, imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zishobora gutanga ubundi buryo burambye kandi bwizewe kuruta imodoka zikoresha moteri zitwika imbere, bityo zikihutisha inzira yo kugera ku hazaza heza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 21 Nyakanga-2023
