Kubera ko ari isoko y'ingufu z'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu, bateri z'amashanyarazi ni ingenzi cyane ku modoka nshya zikoresha ingufu. Mu gihe imodoka ikoresha neza, bateri izahura n'imimerere igoye kandi ihindagurika. Kugira ngo imodoka irusheho gukora neza, igomba gushyiraho bateri nyinshi zishoboka ahantu runaka, bityo umwanya w'imodoka ikoresha bateri uba muto cyane. Bateri itanga ubushyuhe bwinshi mu gihe imodoka ikora kandi ikagira umwanya muto uko igihe kigenda gihita. Bitewe n'ubwinshi bw'uturemangingo muri bateri, biragoye cyane gusohora ubushyuhe mu gace ko hagati ku rugero runaka, bikongera ubushyuhe hagati y'uturemangingo, bizagabanya imikorere myiza ya bateri no kuyisohora kandi bigira ingaruka ku mbaraga za bateri; Bizatera ubushyuhe bukabije kandi bigira ingaruka ku mutekano n'ubuzima bwa sisitemu.
Ubushyuhe bwa bateri y'ingufu bugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere yayo, ubuzima n'umutekano wayo. Iyo ubushyuhe buri hasi, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ingufu za bateri za lithiamu-ion buziyongera kandi ubushobozi buragabanuka. Mu bihe bikomeye, electrolyte izakonja kandi bateri ntishobora gusezererwa. Imikorere y'ubushyuhe buri hasi bwa sisitemu ya bateri izagira ingaruka zikomeye, bigatuma ingufu zisohoka mu modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zigabanuka. Kugabanuka no kugabanuka kw'ingufu. Iyo bateri ishyushya imodoka nshya mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe buri hasi, BMS rusange ibanza gushyushya bateri ku bushyuhe bukwiye mbere yo kuyishyushya. Iyo idafashwe neza, bizatuma umuriro urushaho kwiyongera, bigatuma habaho umuvuduko muke w'amashanyarazi, kandi umwotsi mwinshi, umuriro cyangwa ndetse no guturika bishobora kubaho. Ikibazo cy'umutekano wo gushyushya umuriro mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe buri hasi cya sisitemu ya bateri y'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi kibangamira cyane iterambere ry'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi mu turere dukonje.
Gucunga ubushyuhe bwa batiri ni imwe mu nshingano z'ingenzi muri BMS, ahanini kugira ngo batiri ikomeze gukora neza mu bushyuhe buri gihe, kugira ngo batiri ikomeze gukora neza. Gucunga ubushyuhe bwa batiri ahanini bikubiyemo imirimo yo gukonjesha, gushyushya no kuringaniza ubushyuhe. Imirimo yo gukonjesha no gushyushya ikorwa ahanini hakurikijwe ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'ubushyuhe bwo hanze kuri batiri. Gucunga ubushyuhe bikoreshwa mu kugabanya itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe mu batiri no gukumira kwangirika vuba guterwa no gushyuha cyane igice runaka cya batiri.
Muri rusange, uburyo bwo gukonjesha bwa bateri z'amashanyarazi bugabanyijemo ibice bitatu: gukonjesha umwuka, gukonjesha amazi n'ugukonjesha mu buryo butaziguye. Uburyo bwo gukonjesha umwuka bukoresha umuyaga usanzwe cyangwa umwuka ukonjesha mu cyumba cy'abagenzi kugira ngo unyure hejuru ya bateri kugira ngo ubushyuhe buhinduke kandi bukonje. Gukonjesha amazi muri rusange bikoresha umuyoboro wigenga wo gukonjesha kugira ngo ushyushye cyangwa ukonjeshe bateri y'amashanyarazi. Kuri ubu, ubu buryo ni bwo buryo bukoreshwa cyane mu gukonjesha. Urugero, Tesla na Volt bombi bakoresha ubu buryo bwo gukonjesha. Sisitemu yo gukonjesha itaziguye ikuraho umuyoboro wo gukonjesha wa bateri y'amashanyarazi hanyuma igakoresha icyuma gikonjesha mu buryo butaziguye kugira ngo ikonjeshe bateri y'amashanyarazi.
1. Sisitemu yo gukonjesha umwuka:
Mu ntangiriro za bateri z'amashanyarazi, bitewe n'ubushobozi bwazo buke n'ubucucike bw'ingufu, bateri nyinshi z'amashanyarazi zakonjeshejwe n'ubukonje bw'umwuka.Igishyushya cy'umwuka cya PTC) igabanyijemo ibice bibiri: gukonjesha umwuka karemano n'ugukonjesha umwuka ku ngufu (gukoresha umuyaga ushyushye), kandi ikoresha umuyaga karemano cyangwa umwuka ukonje muri tagisi kugira ngo ikonjeshe batiri.
Ibisanzwe bigize sisitemu zikonjesha umwuka ni Nissan Leaf, Kia Soul EV, nibindi; ubu, bateri za 48V z'imodoka nto za 48V zisanzwe zishyirwa mu cyumba cy'abagenzi, kandi zikonjeshwa n'umwuka. Imiterere ya sisitemu yo gukonjesha umwuka iragoye, ikoranabuhanga rirakuze, kandi igiciro ni gito. Ariko, bitewe n'ubushyuhe buke butwarwa n'umwuka, ubushobozi bwo guhinduranya ubushyuhe ni buke, ubushyuhe bw'imbere muri bateri ntabwo ari bwiza, kandi biragoye kugera ku kugenzura neza ubushyuhe bwa bateri. Kubwibyo, sisitemu yo gukonjesha umwuka muri rusange ikwiriye ahantu hafite intera ngufi n'uburemere bworoheje bw'imodoka.
Ni ngombwa kuvuga ko kuri sisitemu ikonjeshwa n'umwuka, imiterere y'umuyoboro w'umwuka igira uruhare runini mu gukonjesha. Imiyoboro y'umwuka igabanyijemo imiyoboro y'umwuka ikurikiranye n'imiyoboro y'umwuka ihuriranye. Imiterere y'umuyoboro iragoye, ariko ubushobozi bwo kuyirwanya ni bunini; imiterere ihuriranye iragoye kandi ifata umwanya munini, ariko uburyo ubushyuhe bukwirakwira ni bwiza.
2. Sisitemu yo gukonjesha amazi
Uburyo bwo gukonjesha amazi busobanura ko bateri ikoresha amazi akonjesha mu guhinduza ubushyuhe (Igishyushya gikonjesha cya PTC). Ifu ikora ubukonje ishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri bushobora gukorana n'akazu ka bateri (amavuta ya silikoni, amavuta ya castor, nibindi) kandi igakorana n'akazu ka bateri (amazi na ethylene glycol, nibindi) binyuze mu miyoboro y'amazi; ubu, amazi na ethylene glycol bikoreshwa cyane. Sisitemu yo gukonjesha amazi muri rusange yongeraho icyuma gikonjesha kugira ngo gihuzwe n'uburyo bwo gukonjesha, kandi ubushyuhe bwa bateri bukurwa binyuze muri firigo; ibice byayo by'ingenzi ni compressor, firigo napompe y'amazi y'amashanyarazi. Nk'isoko y'ingufu zo gukonjesha, compressor igena ubushobozi bwo guhanahana ubushyuhe bwa sisitemu yose. Igikonjesha gikora nk'ihanahana hagati ya firigo n'amazi akonjesha, kandi ingano y'ubushyuhe igena mu buryo butaziguye ubushyuhe bw'amazi akonjesha. Pompe y'amazi igena umuvuduko w'amazi akonjesha mu muyoboro. Uko umuvuduko w'amazi wihuta, niko imikorere yo kohereza ubushyuhe iba myiza, naho ubundi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-09-2024
