Kunoza Sisitemu yo Gucunga Ubushyuhe bw'Ibinyabiziga by'Amashanyarazi mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe buri hasi

Uko isoko ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi rikomeza kwiyongera, abakora imodoka bagenda bahindura buhoro buhoro icyerekezo cyabo mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere bakajya kuri bateri z’amashanyarazi no kugenzura neza. Bitewe n’imiterere ya shimi ya bateri y’amashanyarazi, ubushyuhe buzagira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere yo gusharija no gusohora umuriro n’umutekano wa bateri y’amashanyarazi. Kubwibyo, mu iterambere ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe bwa bateri gifite umwanya w’ingenzi cyane. Hashingiwe ku miterere ya sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe bwa bateri z’amashanyarazi zisanzweho, hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rya sisitemu ya Tesla yo gushyushya ya valve umunani, ihame ry’imikorere ya bateri y’amashanyarazi n’ibyiza n’ibibi bya sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe rirasesengurwa. Hari ibibazo nko gutakaza ingufu z’imodoka ikonje, igihe gito cyo kugenda, no kugabanuka k’imbaraga zo gusharija, kandi harateganywa gahunda yo kunoza sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe bwa bateri y’amashanyarazi.

Bitewe n’uko amasoko y’ingufu gakondo adakomeza kubaho ndetse n’izamuka ry’ihumana ry’ibidukikije, za leta n’inganda zikora imodoka mu bihugu bitandukanye bihutishije impinduka mu guhindura imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu, bibanda ku guteza imbere iterambere ry’imodoka zikoresha ingufu zikoresha amashanyarazi cyane cyane akoresha amashanyarazi. Uko isoko ry’imodoka zikoresha ingufu rikomeza kwiyongera, bateri z’amashanyarazi n’ubuyobozi bw’ubwenge birimo kuba icyerekezo cy’iterambere ry’imodoka zikoresha ingufu. Nta gisubizo cyiza cyabonetse. Bitandukanye n’imodoka zikoresha lisansi zisanzwe, imodoka zikoresha ingufu ntizishobora gukoresha ubushyuhe bwakoreshejwe mu gushyushya inzu n’imodoka zikoresha bateri. Kubwibyo, mu modoka zikoresha ingufu, ibikorwa byose byo gushyushya bigomba kurangizwa binyuze mu gushyushya n’ingufu. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo kunoza ikoreshwa ry’ingufu zisigaye z’imodoka buhinduka amashanyarazi Ikibazo gikomeye ku buryo bwo gucunga ubushyuhe bw’imodoka.

Itsindasisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe bw'imodoka zikoresha amashanyaraziigenzura ubushyuhe bw'ibice bitandukanye by'ikinyabiziga ikoresheje uburyo ubushyuhe bugenda, cyane cyane harimo no kugenzura ubushyuhe bwa moteri y'ikinyabiziga, bateri n'ikigo cy'abagoronome. Sisitemu ya bateri n'ikigo cy'abagoronome bigomba gusuzuma uburyo ubushyuhe n'ubukonje bihinduka, mu gihe sisitemu ya moteri igomba gusuzuma uburyo ubushyuhe buhinduka. Uburyo bwinshi bwa mbere bwo gucunga ubushyuhe bw'ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi bwari uburyo bwo gukonjesha ubushyuhe. Ubu bwoko bwa sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe bwafashe uburyo bwo guhindura ubushyuhe bw'ikigo cy'abagoronome nk'intego nyamukuru y'igishushanyo mbonera cy'iyi sisitemu, kandi ntibwafatwaga nk'uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe bwa moteri na bateri, bupfusha ubusa imbaraga za sisitemu y'amashanyarazi atatu mu gihe cy'imikorere. Uko imbaraga za moteri na bateri ziyongera, sisitemu yo gukonjesha ubushyuhe ikoresheje umwuka ntishobora kongera guhaza ibisabwa by'ibanze byo gucunga ubushyuhe bw'ikinyabiziga, kandi sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe yinjiye mu gihe cyo gukonjesha amazi. Sisitemu yo gukonjesha amazi ntiyongera gusa imikorere myiza yo gukonjesha ubushyuhe, ahubwo inanongera sisitemu yo gukingira bateri. Mu kugenzura umubiri wa valve, sisitemu yo gukonjesha amazi ntishobora kugenzura gusa icyerekezo cy'ubushyuhe, ahubwo inakoresha neza ingufu ziri mu modoka.

Gushyushya bateri n'icyumba cyo kompanyi bigabanyijemo uburyo butatu bwo gushyushya: gushyushya thermistor (PTC), gushyushya icyuma gishyushya hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi n'ubushyuhe. Bitewe n'imiterere ya shimi ya bateri y'amashanyarazi y'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, hazabaho ibibazo nko gutakaza ingufu z'imodoka ikonje, igihe gito cyo kugenda mu modoka, no kugabanya ingufu zo gusharija mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe buke. Kugira ngo imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zigere ku mikorere ikwiye mu gihe cy'ibihe bitandukanye bikomeye, kugira ngo ikoreshwe neza, sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe bw'imodoka ikoresha bateri igomba kunozwa no kunozwa mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe buke.

Uburyo bwo gukonjesha batiri

Dukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo kohereza ubushyuhe, sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe bwa batiri ishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko butatu: sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe bw'ikirere, sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe bw'amazi n'isitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho bihindura icyiciro, naho sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe bw'ikirere ishobora kugabanywamo sisitemu yo gukonjesha karemano n'isitemu yo gukonjesha. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'isitemu yo gukonjesha.

Gushyushya thermistor ya PTC bigomba gushyiraho thermistor ya PTC hamwe n'igitambaro cyo gukingira kizenguruka bateri. Iyo bateri y'imodoka ikeneye gushyushya, sisitemu iha ingufu thermistor ya PTC kugira ngo itange ubushyuhe, hanyuma igahuha umwuka unyuze muri PTC unyuze muri fan (Igishyushya gikonjesha cya PTC/Igishyushya cy'umwuka cya PTC). Amababa yo gushyushya ashyushya ikirere (thermistor) arayashyushya, hanyuma akayobora umwuka ushyushye mu gasanduku ka bateri kugira ngo atembere imbere, bityo agashyushya bateri.