1. Ibiranga bateri za lithiamu ku binyabiziga bishya bitanga ingufu
Bateri za Lithium ahanini zifite ibyiza byo kwikuramo umuriro muke, ubucucike bw'ingufu nyinshi, igihe kinini cyo gukora, no kugira imikorere myiza mu gihe cyo kuzikoresha. Gukoresha bateri za Lithium nk'igikoresho cy'ingenzi cy'ingufu nshya bingana no kubona isoko nziza y'ingufu. Kubwibyo, mu miterere y'ibice by'ingenzi by'imodoka nshya zitanga ingufu, paki ya bateri ya Lithium ijyanye na bateri ya Lithium yabaye igice cy'ingenzi cyane cy'ingufu n'igice cy'ingenzi gitanga ingufu. Mu gihe cy'imikorere ya bateri za Lithium, hari ibisabwa bimwe na bimwe ku bidukikije. Dukurikije ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi, ubushyuhe bwiza bwo gukora buguma kuri 20°C kugeza kuri 40°C. Iyo ubushyuhe bukikije bateri burenze urugero rwagenwe, imikorere ya bateri ya Lithium izagabanuka cyane, kandi ubuzima bwo gukora buzagabanuka cyane. Kubera ko ubushyuhe bukikije bateri ya Lithium buri hasi cyane, ubushobozi bwo gusohora umuriro bwa nyuma n'imbaraga zo gusohora umuriro bizatandukana n'ibipimo byagenwe, kandi hazabaho igabanuka rikomeye.
Iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane, amahirwe yo gushyuha kwa bateri ya lithium arushaho kwiyongera cyane, kandi ubushyuhe bw'imbere buziyongera ahantu runaka, bigatera ibibazo bikomeye byo kwikusanya ubushyuhe. Iyo iki gice cy'ubushyuhe kidashobora koherezwa mu mahanga neza, hamwe n'igihe kirekire cy'akazi ka bateri ya lithium, bateri ishobora guturika. Iki kibazo cy'umutekano giteza akaga gakomeye ku mutekano w'umuntu ku giti cye, bityo bateri za lithium zigomba kwishingikiriza ku bikoresho bikonjesha bya elegitoroniki kugira ngo byongere imikorere y'umutekano w'ibikoresho byose iyo bikora. Bigaragara ko iyo abashakashatsi bagenzura ubushyuhe bwa bateri za lithium, bagomba gukoresha ibikoresho byo hanze mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro kugira ngo bohereze ubushyuhe mu mahanga kandi bagenzure ubushyuhe bwiza bw'imikorere ya bateri za lithium. Nyuma y'uko igenzura ubushyuhe rigeze ku bipimo bihuye, intego y'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu ntabwo izaba ikigeramiwe.
2. Uburyo bwo gukora ubushyuhe bwa bateri ya lithium y'ingufu nshya z'imodoka
Nubwo izi bateri zishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, mu gihe cyo kuzikoresha, itandukaniro riri hagati yazo riragaragara cyane. Bateri zimwe zifite ingaruka mbi cyane, bityo abakora imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu bagomba guhitamo neza. Urugero, bateri ya aside ya lead itanga ingufu zihagije ku ishami ryo hagati, ariko izangiza cyane ibidukikije biyikikije mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha, kandi iyi ngaruka ntizasubirwaho nyuma. Kubwibyo, kugira ngo igihugu kirinde umutekano w'ibidukikije, bateri za aside ya lead ziri ku rutonde rwabujijwe. Mu gihe cyo kuyitunganya, bateri za hydride ya nickel-metal zabonye amahirwe meza, ikoranabuhanga ryo kuyitunganya ryagiye rikura buhoro buhoro, kandi uburyo bwo kuyikoresha nabwo bwaragutse. Ariko, ugereranije na bateri za lithium, ingaruka zayo ziragaragara gato. Urugero, biragoye ku bakora bateri basanzwe kugenzura ikiguzi cyo kuyitunganya bateri za hydride ya nickel-metal. Kubera iyo mpamvu, igiciro cya bateri za nickel-hydrogen ku isoko cyakomeje kuba hejuru. Amwe mu masosiyete mashya y'imodoka zikoresha ingufu akurikirana imikorere y'ibiciro ntabwo azatekereza kuzikoresha nk'ibice by'imodoka. Ikirenzeho, bateri za Ni-MH zihuta cyane ku bushyuhe bw'ikirere kurusha bateri za lithium, kandi zishobora gufatwa n'umuriro bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Nyuma yo kugereranya inshuro nyinshi, bateri za lithium ziragaragara cyane kandi ubu zikoreshwa cyane mu modoka nshya zikoresha ingufu.
Impamvu bateri za lithium zishobora gutanga ingufu ku binyabiziga bishya bitanga ingufu ni uko electrode zabo nziza n'izibi zifite ibikoresho bikora. Mu gihe cyo gushyira no gukuramo ibikoresho buri gihe, haboneka ingufu nyinshi z'amashanyarazi, hanyuma hakurikijwe ihame ryo guhindura ingufu, ingufu z'amashanyarazi n'ingufu za kinetiki. Kugira ngo tugere ku ntego yo guhinduranya, bityo tugaha ingufu zikomeye ibinyabiziga bishya bitanga ingufu, dushobora kugera ku ntego yo kugendana n'imodoka. Muri icyo gihe, iyo bateri ya lithium igize ikibazo cya shimi, izaba ifite inshingano yo kwinjiza ubushyuhe no kurekura ubushyuhe kugira ngo ihindure ingufu burundu. Byongeye kandi, atome ya lithium ntabwo ihagaze, ishobora kugenda buri gihe hagati ya electrolyte na diaphragm, kandi hariho ubwirinzi bw'imbere bwa polarization.
Ubu, ubushyuhe nabwo buzarekurwa uko bikwiye. Ariko, ubushyuhe bukikije bateri ya lithium y'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu ni bwinshi cyane, bishobora gutuma ibitandukanya byiza n'ibibi bibora. Byongeye kandi, imiterere ya bateri nshya ya lithium igizwe n'amapaki menshi ya bateri. Ubushyuhe buturuka kuri bateri zose burenze kure ubw'ipaki imwe. Iyo ubushyuhe burenze agaciro kagenwe, bateri ikunze guturika cyane.
3. Ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi rya sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe bwa batiri
Ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo gucunga bateri z'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu, haba mu gihugu no mu mahanga, byitaye cyane ku rwego rwo hejuru, byatangije ubushakashatsi butandukanye, kandi byabonye ibisubizo byinshi. Iyi nkuru izibanda ku isuzuma nyaryo ry'imbaraga za bateri zisigaye z'uburyo bushya bwo gucunga ubushyuhe bw'imodoka, imicungire y'uburinganire bw'imodoka n'ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi rikoreshwa muri iki gihe.sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe.
3.1 Uburyo bwo gusuzuma ingufu zisigaye z'ubushyuhe bw'amabateri
Abashakashatsi bashyize imbaraga nyinshi n'imbaraga nyinshi mu isuzuma rya SOC, cyane cyane bakoresheje uburyo bwa siyansi bwo gupima amakuru nka ampere-hour integral method, linear model method, neural network method na Kalman filter method kugira ngo bakore igerageza ryinshi ryo gupima. Ariko, amakosa yo kubara akunze kubaho mu gihe cyo gukoresha ubu buryo. Iyo ikosa ridakosowe mu gihe, icyuho kiri hagati y'ibyavuye mu kubara kirushaho kuba kinini. Kugira ngo basubize iyi nenge, abashakashatsi bakunze guhuza uburyo bwa Anshi bwo gusuzuma n'ubundi buryo kugira ngo barebe neza, kugira ngo babone ibisubizo nyabyo. Hamwe n'amakuru nyayo, abashakashatsi bashobora gupima neza umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi wa bateri.
3.2 Gucunga neza uburyo bwo gucunga ubushyuhe bwa batiri
Uburyo bwo gucunga ubushyuhe bwa batiri bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu guhuza ingufu n'amashanyarazi bya buri gice cya batiri. Nyuma y'uko batiri zitandukanye zikoreshejwe mu bice bitandukanye, ingufu n'amashanyarazi bizaba bitandukanye. Muri iki gihe, uburyo bwo gucunga ubushyuhe bugomba gukoreshwa kugira ngo hakurweho itandukaniro riri hagati yabyo byombi. Kudahuza. Ubu ni bwo buryo bukoreshwa cyane mu gucunga ubushyuhe
Igabanyijemo ubwoko bubiri: kuringaniza ibintu mu buryo butaziguye (passive equalization) no kuringaniza ibintu mu buryo bufatika (active equalization). Ukurikije ishyirwa mu bikorwa, amahame yo gushyira mu bikorwa akoreshwa n'ubu buryo bwombi bwo kuringaniza ibintu aratandukanye cyane.
(1) Kunganya bidakora. Ihame ryo kuringaniza bidakora rikoresha isano iri hagati y’imbaraga za bateri na voltage, hashingiwe ku makuru y’amashanyarazi y’umugozi umwe wa bateri, kandi guhindura byombi muri rusange bigerwaho binyuze mu gusohora ubushyuhe: ingufu za bateri ifite ingufu nyinshi zitanga ubushyuhe binyuze mu gushyushya bidakora, hanyuma zigashira mu kirere kugira ngo zigere ku ntego yo gutakaza ingufu. Ariko, ubu buryo bwo kuringaniza ntibunoza imikorere myiza ya bateri. Byongeye kandi, niba gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bitangana, bateri ntizashobora kurangiza akazi ko gucunga ubushyuhe bwa bateri bitewe n’ikibazo cyo gushyuha cyane.
(2) Ingano ikora. Ingano ikora ni umusaruro wazamuwe w’ingano idakora, ibi bikaba bigabanya ingaruka mbi z’ingano idakora. Ukurikije ihame ryo gushyira mu bikorwa, ihame ryo kuringaniza rikora ntirivuga ihame ryo kuringaniza rikora, ahubwo rifata igitekerezo gishya gitandukanye rwose: kuringaniza rikora ntirihindura ingufu z’amashanyarazi za bateri mo ingufu z’ubushyuhe ngo rizimene, bityo ingufu nyinshi zigahita zijyanwa muri bateri ifite ingufu nke. Byongeye kandi, ubwo bwoko bwo kohereza ntibunyuranyije n’itegeko ryo kubungabunga ingufu, kandi bufite ibyiza byo gutakaza bike, gukoresha neza cyane, n’umusaruro wihuse. Ariko, imiterere y’imicungire y’ingano iragoye cyane. Iyo aho iringaniza ritagenzuwe neza, rishobora kwangiza bidasubirwaho bateri y’amashanyarazi bitewe n’ingano yayo ikabije. Muri make, gucunga neza no gucunga neza bifite ingaruka mbi. Mu buryo bwihariye, abashakashatsi bashobora guhitamo hakurikijwe ubushobozi n’umubare w’imigozi ya bateri ya lithium. Bateri za lithium zifite ubushobozi buke kandi zifite umubare muto zikwiriye gucunga uburyo bwo kuringaniza ibintu, naho bateri za lithium zifite ubushobozi buke kandi zifite umubare munini zikwiriye gucunga uburyo bwo kuringaniza ibintu.
3.3 Ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi rikoreshwa muri sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe bwa batiri
(1) Kugena ubushyuhe bwiza bwo gukoresha bateri. Sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu guhuza ubushyuhe bukikije bateri, bityo kugira ngo sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe ikoreshwe, ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi ryakozwe n'abashakashatsi rikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kugena ubushyuhe bwo gukora bwa bateri. Igihe cyose ubushyuhe bwa bateri buguma mu rugero rukwiye, bateri ya lithium ishobora guhora ikora neza, igatanga ingufu zihagije zo gukoresha imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu. Muri ubwo buryo, imikorere ya bateri ya lithium y'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu ishobora guhora imeze neza.
(2) Kubara ubushyuhe bwa batiri no kumenya ubushyuhe. Iri koranabuhanga rikoresha umubare munini w'imibare y'icyitegererezo cy'imibare. Abahanga mu bya siyansi bakoresha uburyo bujyanye bwo kubara kugira ngo babone itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe muri batiri, kandi babikoreshe nk'ishingiro ryo kumenya imyitwarire y'ubushyuhe ya batiri.
(3) Guhitamo uburyo bwo kohereza ubushyuhe. Imikorere myiza ya sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe iterwa n'amahitamo y'uburyo bwo kohereza ubushyuhe. Ibimodoka byinshi bishya bikoresha umwuka/ubukonje nk'uburyo bwo gukonjesha. Ubu buryo bwo gukonjesha bworoshye gukoresha, bufite ikiguzi gito mu gukora, kandi bushobora kugera ku ntego yo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwa batiri. (Igishyushya cy'umwuka cya PTC/Igishyushya gikonjesha cya PTC)
(4) Shyiraho imiterere y’ingufu zo guhumeka no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe. Imiterere y’ingufu zo guhumeka no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe hagati y’udupaki twa bateri ya lithium ishobora kwagura urujya n’uruza rw’umwuka ku buryo ushobora gukwirakwizwa mu dupaki twa bateri, bigakemura neza itandukaniro ry’ubushyuhe hagati y’udupaki twa bateri.
(5) Guhitamo aho umufana apimira ubushyuhe n'umushyuhe. Muri iyi module, abashakashatsi bakoresheje igerageza rinini kugira ngo bakore imibare y’ibitekerezo, hanyuma bakoresha uburyo bwa fluid mechanics kugira ngo babone agaciro k’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu z’umufana. Nyuma yaho, abashakashatsi bazakoresha ibintu bifite iherezo kugira ngo babone aho bapimira ubushyuhe neza kugira ngo babone neza amakuru y’ubushyuhe bwa bateri.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 10 Nzeri 2024
