Uburyo bwo gucunga ubushyuhe bw'imodoka ni uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kugenzura ibidukikije by'aho imodoka ikorera n'aho ibice by'imodoka bikorera, kandi bunoza imikorere myiza y'ingufu binyuze mu gukonjesha, gushyushya no kohereza ubushyuhe imbere mu mubiri. Muri make, ni nk'aho abantu bakeneye gukoresha agakoresho ko kuvura ubushyuhe iyo bafite umuriro; kandi iyo ubukonje bukabije, bagomba gukoresha ibikoresho bishyushya abana. Imiterere y'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi idafite amashanyarazi ntishobora kwibasirwa n'imikorere y'abantu, bityo "ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri" bwabo buzagira uruhare runini.
Sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe bw'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi asanzwe ifasha mu gutwara imodoka binyuze mu gukoresha ingufu za batiri neza. Mu gukoresha neza ingufu z'ubushyuhe mu modoka mu gukoresha icyuma gikonjesha n'amabatiri ari mu modoka, gucunga ubushyuhe bishobora kuzigama ingufu za batiri kugira ngo byongere igihe imodoka ikoresha, kandi ibyiza byabyo ni ingenzi cyane mu bushyuhe bukabije n'ubukonje. Sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe bw'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi asanzwe igizwe ahanini n'ibice by'ingenzi nkasisitemu yo gucunga bateri ifite ingufu nyinshi (BMS), isahani yo gukonjesha bateri, icyuma gikonjesha bateri,icyuma gishyushya amashanyarazi cya PTC gifite voltage nyinshin'uburyo bwo gushyushya bukoresha pompe bitewe n'uburyo butandukanye.
Udupaki two gukonjesha bateri dushobora gukoreshwa mu gukonjesha mu buryo butaziguye udupaki twa bateri z'amashanyarazi, dushobora kugabanywamo uduce duto two gukonjesha mu buryo butaziguye (gukonjesha muri firigo) n'udupaki two gukonjesha mu buryo butaziguye (gukonjesha mu mazi). Bishobora gushushanywa no guhuzwa na bateri kugira ngo bateri ikore neza kandi ikomeze igihe kirekire. Agakoresho ko gukonjesha bateri gafite ikoranabuhanga ribiri rikoreshwa mu gukonjesha n'iry'amashanyarazi imbere mu mwobo karakwiriye gukonjesha bateri z'amashanyarazi, zishobora kugumana ubushyuhe bwa bateri ahantu hakora neza kandi zigatuma bateri iramba neza.
Imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi nta soko ry'ubushyuhe zifite, bityo reroicyuma gishyushya PTC gifite voltage nyinshiHakenewe umuvuduko usanzwe wa 4-5kW kugira ngo imbere mu modoka habe ubushyuhe bwihuse kandi buhagije. Ubushyuhe busigaye bw'imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi ntabwo buhagije kugira ngo ishyushye neza mu cyumba, bityo hakenewe sisitemu yo gushyushya.
Ushobora kuba wifuza kumenya impamvu hybrids nazo zishimangira micro-hybrid, impamvu yo kugabanywamo micro-hybrids hano ni: hybrids zikoresha moteri zifite voltage nyinshi na bateri zifite voltage nyinshi zegereye plug-in hybrids mu bijyanye na sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe, bityo imiterere y’imicungire y’ubushyuhe bw’izo moderi izashyirwa ahagaragara muri plug-in hybrid iri hepfo. Micro-hybrid hano ahanini yerekeza kuri moteri ya 48V na bateri ya 48V/12V, nka 48V BSG (Belt Starter Generator). Ibiranga imiterere yayo yo gucunga ubushyuhe bishobora gusobanurwa muri izi ngingo eshatu zikurikira.
Moteri na batiri ahanini bikonjeshwa n'umwuka, ariko kandi bikonjeshwa n'amazi n'amavuta.
Niba moteri na batiri bikonjeshejwe n'umwuka, nta kibazo na kimwe cyo gukonjesha amashanyarazi gihari, keretse iyo bateri ikoresheje bateri ya 12V hanyuma igakoresha DC/DC ya 12V kugeza kuri 48V, iyi DC/DC ishobora gusaba imiyoboro ikonjeshwa n'amazi bitewe n'imbaraga zo gutangiza moteri n'imiterere y'imbaraga zo kugarura feri. Gukonjesha umwuka bya bateri bishobora gutegurwa mu muyoboro w'umwuka wa bateri, binyuze mu kugenzura uburyo bw'umufana kugira ngo ugere ku gukonjesha ku ngufu, ibi bizongera akazi ko gushushanya, ni ukuvuga imiterere y'umuyoboro w'umwuka n'amahitamo y'umufana, niba ushaka gukoresha simulation kugira ngo usesengure ingaruka zo gukonjesha kwa bateri amagambo yo gukonjesha umwuka ku ngufu azaba akomeye kurusha bateri zikonjeshejwe n'amazi, kuko ikosa ryo kohereza ubushyuhe ku mazi kurusha ikosa ryo kohereza ubushyuhe ku mazi ni rinini. Iyo ikonjeshejwe n'amazi kandi ikonjeshejwe n'amavuta, umuyoboro wo gucunga ubushyuhe usa cyane n'uw'imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi gusa, uretse ko ubushyuhe butangwa ari buto. Kandi kubera ko moteri nto idakora ku muvuduko mwinshi, muri rusange nta muvuduko mwinshi uhoraho utera gushyuha vuba. Hari ikintu kimwe kidasanzwe, mu myaka ya vuba aha kandi hakoreshwa moteri ifite ingufu nyinshi ya 48V, hagati y’urumuri rwa hybrid na plug-in hybrid, igiciro kiri hasi ugereranyije na plug-in hybrid, ariko ubushobozi bwo gutwara buruta ubw’urumuri rwa hybrid, ibyo bigatuma moteri ya 48V ikora neza kandi ingufu zisohoka zikaba nyinshi, ku buryo sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe igomba gukorana nayo mu gihe kugira ngo ikureho ubushyuhe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 20 Mata-2023
