1. Ishingiro ry' "imicungire y'ubushyuhe" bw'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu
Akamaro ko gucunga ubushyuhe gakomeje kugaragara mu gihe cy'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu
Itandukaniro mu mahame yo gutwara ibinyabiziga hagati y’ibinyabiziga bikoresha lisansi n’ibinyabiziga bishya bikoresha ingufu rituma cyane cyane habaho kuvugurura no kuvugurura uburyo bwo gucunga ubushyuhe bw’ibinyabiziga. Bitandukanye n’imiterere yoroshye yo gucunga ubushyuhe bw’ibinyabiziga bya kera bikoresha lisansi, ahanini hagamijwe gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, udushya mu miterere y’ibinyabiziga bikoresha ingufu nshya bituma imicungire y’ubushyuhe irushaho kugorana, ndetse ikanashyira imbere intego y’ingenzi yo kwemeza ko ubuzima bwa bateri buhagaze neza kandi ko imodoka ihamye kandi itekanye. Ibyiza n’ibibi by’imikorere yayo. Yabaye kandi ikimenyetso cy’ingenzi cyo kumenya imbaraga z’ibicuruzwa bya tram. Ingufu z’imodoka ikoresha lisansi ni moteri ikoresha umuriro w’imbere, kandi imiterere yayo ni yoroshye. Ibinyabiziga bisanzwe bikoresha moteri zikoresha lisansi kugira ngo bikore ingufu zo gutwara imodoka. Gutwika lisansi bitanga ubushyuhe. Kubwibyo, ibinyabiziga bikoresha lisansi bishobora gukoresha ubushyuhe bw’imyanda buva muri moteri iyo bishyushya ahantu ho mu cyumba cy’imodoka. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, intego nyamukuru y’ibinyabiziga bikoresha lisansi ni ugukonjesha kugira ngo birinde gushyuha ibice by’ingenzi.
Ibinyabiziga bishya bikoresha ingufu ahanini bishingiye kuri moteri zikoresha batiri, zitakaza isoko y'ubushyuhe (moteri) mu gushyushya kandi zikagira imiterere igoye cyane. Bateri z'ibinyabiziga bishya bikoresha ingufu, moteri n'ibice byinshi by'ikoranabuhanga bigomba kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'ibice by'ingenzi. Kubwibyo, impinduka mu gice cy'imbere cy'ingufu nizo mpamvu z'ingenzi zo kuvugurura imiterere y'imicungire y'ubushyuhe bw'ibinyabiziga bishya bikoresha ingufu, kandi ubwiza bw'imashini ikoresha ingufu bufitanye isano itaziguye no Kumenya imikorere n'ubuzima bw'ibinyabiziga. Hari impamvu eshatu zihariye: 1) Ibinyabiziga bishya bikoresha ingufu ntibishobora gukoresha ubushyuhe bwavanywe na moteri ikoresha umuriro kugira ngo bishyushye inzu nk'uko imodoka zisanzwe zikoresha lisansi zikoresha ingufu, bityo hari icyifuzo gikomeye cyo gushyushya hifashishijwe ibyuma bishyushya bya PTC (Igishyushya gikonjesha cya PTC/Igishyushya cy'umwuka cya PTC) cyangwa pompe zishyushya, kandi imikorere myiza yo gucunga ubushyuhe igena urwego rwo kugenda. 2) Ubushyuhe bukwiye bwo gukora bwa bateri za lithiyumu ku modoka nshya zikoresha ingufu ni 0-40°C. Iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane cyangwa hasi cyane, bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'uturemangingo twa bateri ndetse binagira ingaruka ku buzima bwa bateri. Iki kimenyetso kandi kigaragaza ko gucunga ubushyuhe bw'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu atari ukugira ngo ikonje gusa, kugenzura ubushyuhe ni ingenzi cyane. Guhagarara neza mu gucunga ubushyuhe bigena ubuzima n'umutekano w'imodoka. 3) Bateri y'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu akenshi iba iri ku gisenge cy'imodoka, bityo ingano yayo iba idahinduka; imikorere myiza yo gucunga ubushyuhe n'urwego rwo guhuza ibice bizagira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku mikoreshereze y'ingano ya bateri y'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu.
Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y’imicungire y’ubushyuhe bw’ibinyabiziga bikoresha lisansi n’imicungire y’ubushyuhe bw’ibinyabiziga bikoresha ingufu nshya?
Ugereranyije n'ibinyabiziga bikoresha lisansi, intego yo gucunga ubushyuhe bw'ibinyabiziga bishya bikoresha ingufu yahindutse kuva ku "gukonjesha" kugera ku "guhindura ubushyuhe". Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, bateri, moteri n'ibice byinshi by'ikoranabuhanga byongewe ku binyabiziga bishya bikoresha ingufu, kandi ibi bice bigomba kubikwa ku bushyuhe bukwiye kugira ngo imikorere ikomeze kandi ikore neza, ibyo bikaba bitera ikibazo mu gucunga ubushyuhe bw'ibinyabiziga bikoresha lisansi n'amashanyarazi. Impinduka mu ntego ni ukuva ku "gukonjesha" kugera ku "kugenzura ubushyuhe". Amakimbirane hagati y'ubushyuhe bw'imbeho, ubushobozi bwa bateri, n'urwego rwo kugenda mu kirere byatumye habaho kuvugurura uburyo buhoraho bwo gucunga ubushyuhe bw'ibinyabiziga bikoresha ingufu kugira ngo kunoze imikorere y'ingufu, ibi bigatuma imiterere y'inyubako zikoresha ubushyuhe irushaho kuba ingorabahizi, kandi agaciro k'ibice kuri buri kinyabiziga kakomeza kwiyongera.
Mu gihe cy’iterambere ry’amashanyarazi mu binyabiziga, uburyo bwo gucunga ubushyuhe mu modoka bwazanye impinduka nini, kandi agaciro k’uburyo bwo gucunga ubushyuhe kariyongereyeho gatatu. By’umwihariko, uburyo bwo gucunga ubushyuhe mu binyabiziga bishya bikoresha ingufu bugizwe n’ibice bitatu, ari byo "imicungire y’ubushyuhe ikoreshwa n’amashanyarazi", "gucunga ubushyuhe bwa batiri" na "imicungire y'ubushyuhe bwa cockpit". Ku bijyanye n'uruziga rwa moteri: gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe birakenewe cyane, harimo no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho bigenzura moteri, moteri, DCDC, chargers n'ibindi bice; gucunga ubushyuhe bwa bateri n'ubwa cockpit bisaba gushyushya no gukonjesha. Ku rundi ruhande, buri gice gishinzwe sisitemu eshatu z'ingenzi zo gucunga ubushyuhe ntabwo gifite gusa ibisabwa mu gukonjesha cyangwa gushyushya byigenga, ahubwo gifite n'ubushyuhe butandukanye bwo gukora kuri buri gice, ibyo bikaba birushaho kunoza imicungire y'ubushyuhe bw'imodoka nshya yose ikoresha ingufu. Uburyohe bwa sisitemu. Agaciro ka sisitemu ijyanye nayo yo gucunga ubushyuhe kazongerwa cyane. Dukurikije inyandiko y'imigozi ihinduranya ya Sanhua Zhikong, agaciro k'imodoka imwe yo gucunga ubushyuhe bw'imodoka nshya ikoresha ingufu gashobora kugera kuri yuan 6.410, ni ukuvuga inshuro eshatu ugereranyije n'uburyo bwo gucunga ubushyuhe bw'imodoka zikoresha lisansi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 25 Nyakanga-2024
