Akamaro k'amashanyarazi ya bateri z'amashanyarazi nk'isoko nyamukuru y'amashanyarazi ku binyabiziga bishya by'ingufu karagaragara. Mu mikoreshereze nyayo y'ibinyabiziga, bateri izahura n'imimerere igoye kandi itandukanye yo gukora. Kugira ngo imodoka zirusheho kugira ubushobozi bwo gutwara, zigomba gushyiraho bateri nyinshi zishoboka mu mwanya runaka, bityo umwanya w'imodoka ku modoka ukaba muto cyane. Bateri zitanga ubushyuhe bwinshi mu gihe cy'imikorere y'ibinyabiziga kandi zikiyongera uko igihe kigenda mu mwanya muto. Bitewe n'ubwinshi bw'uturemangingo twa bateri muri bateri, bituma bigorana gusohora ubushyuhe mu gice cyo hagati, bikongera ubushyuhe hagati y'uturemangingo. Kubera iyo mpamvu, bizagabanya imikorere myiza ya bateri yo gusharija no gusohora umuriro kandi bigira ingaruka ku mbaraga zayo; Mu bihe bikomeye, bishobora no gutuma ubushyuhe bugenda nabi, bigira ingaruka ku mutekano n'igihe cy'ubuzima bwa sisitemu.
Ubushyuhe bwa bateri zikoresha ingufu bugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere yazo, igihe zimara, ndetse n'umutekano wazo. Mu bushyuhe buke, bateri za lithiamu-ion zishobora kwiyongera mu mikorere yazo no kugabanuka k'ubushobozi bwazo. Mu bihe bikomeye, ibi bishobora gutuma electrolyte ikomeza gukonja no kunanirwa kwa bateri gusohora. Imikorere ya bateri mu bushyuhe buke irangirika cyane, bigatuma imikorere y'amashanyarazi igabanuka kandi imodoka zikoresha ingufu zigatangira gutwara ikagabanuka. Iyo bateri ikoresha ingufu nshya mu bushyuhe buke, muri rusange BMS ishyushya bateri ku bushyuhe bukwiye mbere yo kuyikoresha. Iyo idafashwe neza, ishobora gutuma ingufu nyinshi zihita zisharija, bigatuma habaho imiyoboro migufi y'amashanyarazi, ibi bikaba byatera umwotsi, inkongi, ndetse no guturika. Ibibazo by'umutekano byo gusharija umuriro mu buryo bwa bateri zikoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi byabangamiye cyane iterambere ry'imodoka zikoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu turere dukonje.
Gucunga ubushyuhe bwa batirini imwe mu nshingano z'ingenzi muri BMS, ahanini kugira ngo bateri ikore neza mu gihe cyose mu bushyuhe bukwiye, bityo ikomeze gukora neza mu gihe bateri ikora.gucunga ubushyuhe bwa bateriahanini harimo imirimo nko gukonjesha, gushyushya, no kuringaniza ubushyuhe. Imirimo yo gukonjesha no gushyushya ihindurwa ahanini hakurikijwe ingaruka ubushyuhe bwo hanze bw’ibidukikije bushobora kugira kuri bateri. Ubushyuhe bukoreshwa mu kugabanya itandukaniro ry’ubushyuhe mu ipaki ya bateri no gukumira kwangirika vuba guterwa no gushyuha cyane igice runaka cya bateri.
Muri rusange, uburyo bwo gukonjesha bwa bateri z'amashanyarazi bugabanyijemo ibice bitatu: gukonjesha umwuka, gukonjesha amazi, no gukonjesha mu buryo butaziguye. Uburyo bwo gukonjesha umwuka bukoresha umuyaga usanzwe cyangwa umwuka ukonjesha uva mu cyumba cy'abagenzi kugira ngo unyure hejuru ya bateri kugira ngo ubushyuhe buhinduke kandi bukonje. Gukonjesha amazi muri rusange bikoresha imiyoboro yigenga yo gukonjesha kugira ngo ishyushye cyangwa ikonjeshe bateri z'amashanyarazi. Ubu buryo ni bwo bukoreshwa cyane mu gukonjesha, nk'uko Tesla na Volt bakoresha. Sisitemu yo gukonjesha itaziguye ikuraho umuyoboro wo gukonjesha wa bateri y'amashanyarazi hanyuma igakoresha icyuma gikonjesha mu buryo butaziguye.
1. Sisitemu yo gukonjesha umwuka:
Bateri z'amashanyarazi zo hambere, bitewe n'ubushobozi bwazo buke n'ubucucike bw'ingufu, zakunze gukonjeshwa n'umwuka ukonjesha. Gukonjesha umwuka bigabanyijemo ibice bibiri: gukonjesha umwuka karemano n'ugukonjesha umwuka ku ngufu (hakoreshejwe abafana), bakoresha umwuka karemano cyangwa umwuka ukonje uva muri kabine kugira ngo bateri ikonjeshe.
Ibimenyetso bisanzwe by’uburyo bukonjesha umwuka birimo Nissan Leaf, Kia Soul EV, nibindi; Kuri ubu, bateri za 48V z’imodoka nto za 48V zisanzwe zishyirwa mu cyumba cy’abagenzi kandi zikonjesha umwuka. Imbonerahamwe y’inzira yo gukonjesha umwuka ya bateri y’ingufu runaka igaragara ku Ishusho ya 2. Imiterere ya sisitemu ikonjesha umwuka iroroshye, ikoranabuhanga rirakuze, kandi igiciro ni gito. Ariko, bitewe n’ubushyuhe buke butwarwa n’umwuka, ubushobozi bwo kohereza ubushyuhe ni buke, kandi ubushyuhe bw’imbere bwa bateri ni buke, bigatuma bigorana kugenzura neza ubushyuhe bwa bateri. Kubwibyo, sisitemu ikonjesha umwuka muri rusange zikwiriye ahantu hafite intera ngufi yo gutwara imodoka n’uburemere bworoheje bw’imodoka.
2. Sisitemu yo gukonjesha amazi
Uburyo bwo gukonjesha amazi buvuga kuri bateri ikoresha amazi akonjesha kugira ngo ihererekanye ubushyuhe, kandi igishushanyo cyayo cyerekana ishusho ya 3. Konjesha igabanyijemo ubwoko bubiri: gukorana mu buryo butaziguye n'uturemangingo twa bateri (amavuta ya silicone, amavuta ya castor, nibindi) no gukorana n'uturemangingo twa bateri binyuze mu miyoboro y'amazi (amazi na ethylene glycol, nibindi); Ubu, amazi na ethylene glycol bikunze gukoreshwa. Sisitemu zo gukonjesha amazi muri rusange zongeraho icyuma gikonjesha gihujwe n'uburyo bwo gukonjesha, gikuraho ubushyuhe muri bateri binyuze muri firigo; Ibice byayo by'ingenzi ni compressor, firigo, napompe y'amazi. Compressor, nk'isoko y'ingufu zo gukonjesha, igena ubushobozi bwo kohereza ubushyuhe bwa sisitemu yose. Igikonjesha kigira uruhare mu guhererekanya icyuma gikonjesha n'icyuma gikonjesha, kandi ingano y'ubushyuhe igena mu buryo butaziguye ubushyuhe bw'icyuma gikonjesha. Pompe y'amazi igena umuvuduko w'icyuma gikonjesha mu muyoboro, kandi uko umuvuduko w'amazi wihuta, niko imikorere yo kohereza ubushyuhe iba myiza, naho ubundi.
3. Sisitemu yo gukonjesha itaziguye:
Sisitemu yo gukonjesha itaziguye ikoresha icyuma gikonjesha cya sisitemu yo gukonjesha kugira ngo ikonjeshe bateri y'amashanyarazi, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 11. Imashini ikonjesha ya sisitemu yo gukonjesha ishyirwa mu buryo butaziguye muri sisitemu ya bateri, maze icyuma gikonjesha gihinduka umwuka mu cyuma kugira ngo gikureho ubushyuhe buturuka kuri sisitemu ya bateri, bityo bigatuma habaho uburyo bwo gukonjesha bwihuse kandi bunoze. Kuri ubu, hari ubwoko buke bukoresha icyuma gikonjesha kitaziguye, aho isanzwe ari BMW i3. Kubera ko nta bushyuhe buri hagati y'amazi, sisitemu yo gukonjesha ifite imiterere mito, ikora neza cyane mu gukonjesha (inshuro 3-4 kurusha gukonjesha amazi), kandi ihendutse cyane. Ariko ikibazo kiri mu kuba bitewe n'ihinduka rya gazi n'amazi bya firigo mu muyoboro, kugenzura sisitemu yose biragoye kandi ubushyuhe burangana. Kandi ifite ibisabwa byinshi kugira ngo irinde umuvuduko mwinshi w'amashanyarazi no gufunga sisitemu, ibi bikaba biteza akaga gakomeye ku ikoreshwa ryayo mu modoka yose.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-27-2026
