Bisi nshya zikoresha ingufu (bisi rusange, bisi zitwara abagenzi, bisi z'abakerarugendo, nibindi), nk'imodoka zikoreshwa mu bucuruzi, zifite imiterere y'ingenzi nko kuba bateri nini, imiterere y'imodoka zigendanwa, ibisabwa mu gusharija vuba cyane, gukora hanze mu buryo bwose, no kuba abagenzi batwara benshi.Sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe bw'amashanyarazi (BTMS)si "igikoresho cyo kugenzura ubushyuhe bwa batiri" gusa, ahubwo ni uburyo bw'ingenzi butuma bisi zikora neza, zigakoresha batiri, zigakoresha neza, kandi zigatuma bisi zihora zikora neza. Ni kandi module y'ingenzi itandukanya imicungire y'ubushyuhe bwa bisi nshya zikoresha ingufu n'iy'imodoka zitwara abagenzi.
Ubu buryo, bwagenewe imikorere ya bateri z'amashanyarazi za bisi (cyane cyane lithium iron phosphate, hamwe na lithium nkeya), bukoresha imirimo nko kugenzura ubushyuhe, kugarura ubushyuhe, kugenzura ubushyuhe kimwe, no kugenzura ubushyuhe bwihuta kugira ngo buhamye ubushyuhe bwa bateri mu rugero rwiza rw'imikorere rwa 25 ~ 35℃. Bunahuye n'amahame y'umutekano y'ingenzi y'urwego rw'igihugu "Ibisabwa ku mutekano ku bateri z'amashanyarazi ku binyabiziga by'amashanyarazi" (GB 38031), bigatuma buba sisitemu y'ingenzi mu mikorere y'ubucuruzi ya bisi nshya zikoresha ingufu.
I. Agaciro k'ingenzi k'ikoreshwa rya BTMS kuri bisi nshya zikoresha ingufu
Ugereranije n'imodoka zitwara abagenzi,BTMS ku modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi Busi (bisi) zibanda cyane ku **"zishingiye ku bikorwa, aho indangagaciro z'ingenzi zishingiye ku kugabanya ikiguzi cy'imikorere, kunoza imikorere, no kwemeza umutekano w'imikorere, aho kongera gusa urwego rw'imikorere. Iri ni ryo tandukaniro ry'ingenzi riri hagati y'imicungire y'ubushyuhe muri bisi n'imodoka zitwara abagenzi:
1. Kurinda ko ibinyabiziga bihunga ubushyuhe no kugenzura umutekano w'imikorere yabyo
Bateri nshya za bisi zikoresha ingufu ubusanzwe zifite ubushobozi bwa 100-300kWh, zigizwe n'amamodoka menshi ya bateri ahujwe mu buryo bukurikiranye kandi bungana. Gushyirwa hanze, imizigo myinshi mu gihe cyo kuzamuka umusozi, hamwe n'umuvuduko mwinshi w'amashanyarazi mu gihe cyo gusharija vuba bishobora gutuma habaho gushyuha cyane ahantu runaka.sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe bwa batiri, binyuze mu gukonjesha, kugenzura ubushyuhe, no kuburira abantu ku bushyuhe, birinda kubyimba kwa bateri, imiyoboro migufi, no guhungira mu bushyuhe, bigabanya cyane cyane impanuka mu mikorere ya bisi (ibisabwa ku mutekano wa bisi/imodoka zitwara abagenzi biri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n’imodoka zitwara abagenzi).
2. Kongera igihe cy'ubuzima bwa bateri no kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza
Bateri y'amashanyarazi ni cyo giciro cy'ingenzi cya bisi nshya zikoresha ingufu (kibarwa hagati ya 30% na 40%), kandi igihe bateri y'imodoka ikoresha igena mu buryo butaziguye ikiguzi cy'ubuzima bw'imodoka imwe. Kuri buri kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe bwa 1°C, igihe bateri ya lithium igenda igabanukaho hafi 2%; gusharija no gusohora umuriro ku bushyuhe buri hasi bishobora gutuma litium ihinduka burundu.gucunga ubushyuhe bw'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, binyuze mu kugenzura ubushyuhe neza, bishobora kongera igihe cy'ubuzima bwa bateri za bisi kuva ku myaka 3-4 (hafi amagare 2000) kugeza ku myaka 5-6 (hafi amagare 3000), bigabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza bateri ku bakoresha.
Kumenyera imiterere yo gusharija vuba binoza uburyo bisi zikoresha. Bisi zikunze gukoresha uburyo bwo gusharija vuba bw'iminota 3-10 (umuvuduko wo gusharija vuba ushobora kugera kuri 300-500A). Gusharija umuriro mwinshi bitanga ubushyuhe bwinshi vuba. Iyo bidakonjeshejwe mu gihe, bateri izarinda ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi ikagabanya imbaraga zo gusharija, bigatuma igihe cyo gusharija kirushaho kuba kirekire. Imikorere yihariye ya BTMS yo kugenzura ubushyuhe bwo gusharija vuba ishobora kugenzura ubushyuhe bwa bateri mu rugero rwiza, yirinda kwangirika kw'imbaraga zo gusharija no kwemeza ko bisi zikora neza.
3. Gutuza imikorere ya batiri no kuyisohora bigabanya kwangirika kw'urwego rw'imikorere. Bisi nshya zikoresha ingufu zikora ku nzira zidahinduka (bisi) cyangwa intera ndende (ubwikorezi bw'abagenzi), bisaba ko ziguma mu ntera yo hejuru. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bugabanya imikorere ya batiri, mu gihe ubushyuhe buke bushobora gutuma ubushobozi bwa batiri bugabanukaho 30%–50%. BTMS (Battery Thermal Management System) ituza imikorere ya batiri yo kuyisohora hejuru ya 90% binyuze mu gukonjesha ku bushyuhe bwinshi no kuyishyushya mbere y'igihe ku bushyuhe buke, bikarinda ko umuriro ubura no kwangirika bitewe n'ibibazo by'ubushyuhe bwa batiri mu gihe cy'imikorere.
Kunoza ubushyuhe bw'ipaki ya bateri birinda kwangirika vuba kwa moteri imwe imwe. Bateri muri bisi nshya zikoresha ingufu akenshi zirakwirakwira (igisenge, impande za chassis, inyuma). Bateri mu bice bitandukanye zigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bushyuhe bw'ikirere (urugero, modules zo ku gisenge zihura n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, modules za chassis ku bushyuhe bwo hasi), bigatuma byoroshye itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe (>5℃) hagati ya modules, bigatuma habaho gusharija cyane, gusohora cyane, no kwangirika vuba kwa modules imwe imwe. BTMS, binyuze mu kugenzura ubushyuhe, igenzura itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe hagati ya modules muri bateri kugeza kuri **≤3℃**, igenzura ko module imwe ihuza neza kandi ikarinda "module imwe gukurura ipaki yose." 4. Kuzigama ingufu no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu, kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu mu mikorere. BTMS nziza cyane izahuza uburyo bwo kugarura ubushyuhe bwa moteri ya bisi, uburyo bwo kugenzura ikoranabuhanga n'uburyo bwo gukonjesha kugira ngo isimbuze ubushyuhe busanzwe bwa PTC (ikoreshwa ry'ingufu rishobora kugera kuri 10~20kW), kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu zikoreshwa mbere ya bateri ku bushyuhe bwo hasi, kongera urwego rw'imikorere ya bisi ho 15% ~ 20% mu gihe cy'itumba, kandi ikagabanya ikiguzi cyo gukoresha ingufu mu mikorere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-26-2026
