Ishingiro ryaIgishyushya cya Ev PTCishingiye ku miterere y'ibikoresho bya PTC positive temperature coefficient thermistor, hamwe na sisitemu y'amashanyarazi ifite voltage nyinshi hamwe n'uruziga rw'ubushyuhe bw'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi kugira ngo ishyuhe. Mu by'ukuri, ingufu z'amashanyarazi zihinduka ingufu z'ubushyuhe mu buryo butaziguye, hanyuma zigashyirwa mu kabari cyangwa batiri binyuze mu buryo buciriritse (coolant/air). Ifite imiterere yigenga kandi yigenga mu gihe cyose cy'igikorwa, idakeneye izindi mashini zihambaye zo kugenzura ubushyuhe, bigatuma iba igisubizo cyiza kandi gitekanye cyo gushyushya imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu.
Uburyo rusange bugabanyijemo ibice bibiri: amahame y'ingenzi y'ibikoresho n'imikorere nyayo y'imodoka. Icya nyuma gishobora gutandukana gato bitewe n'uburyo ikoreshwa (gushyushya mu kabati/gushyushya bateri). Ikintu nyamukuru gikoreshwa mu modoka niamashanyarazi ya PTC akonjeshejwe n'amazi(guhindura ubushyuhe bukonjesha), mu gihe ingano nto y'ubushyuhe bwo mu kabari ikoresha ibyuma bishyushya bya PTC bishyushye (guhindura ubushyuhe mu buryo butaziguye). Ibi bikurikira birasobanurwa uko bikurikirana:
1, Ishingiro ry'ibanze: Ihame ryo gushyushya no kwiyima ubushyuhe rya PTC thermistor
Igice cy'ingenzi cyo gushyushyaIgishyushya cya PTCni PTC ceramic sheet (ceramic ya semiconductor ishingiye kuri barium titanate ifite ibintu bya trace rare earth), ari na yo ntandaro y'imiterere yayo yose:
Gushyushya: Uduce twa PTC ceramic dukora inzira ziyobora umuriro hamwe n’ibinyampeke by’imbere biyobora umuriro ku gipimo cy’amashanyarazi (voltage nyinshi DC yo gukoreshwa mu modoka, nka 300V+/400V+), bitanga ubushyuhe bwa Joule iyo umuriro unyuze, bigatuma ingufu z’amashanyarazi zihinduka ingufu z’ubushyuhe mu buryo butaziguye hamwe n’ubushyuhe bwinshi (hafi 100%, nta gihombo cy’ingufu zihinduka);
Ubushyuhe bwigenga (imiterere y'ingenzi): Iyo ubushyuhe bwa PTC ceramic chips butageze ku bushyuhe bwa Curie (ubushyuhe bw'ingenzi bw'ibikoresho, muri rusange 120-180 ℃ ku binyabiziga bikoresha), agaciro k'ubudahangarwa ni gato cyane, kandi umuriro mwinshi uhoraho n'ubushyuhe bwinshi bibaho, bigatuma ubushyuhe bwiyongera cyane;
Iyo ubushyuhe burenze ubushyuhe bwa Curie, inzira y'imbere itwara umuriro izacika vuba, kandi ubushyuhe buziyongera cyane (kugeza kuri 10 ³~ 10 ⁶ ubushyuhe bw'icyumba). Dukurikije itegeko rya Ohm (P=U ²/R), munsi y'imbaraga zihoraho z'amashanyarazi, imbaraga zo gushyushya zizagabanuka cyane, kandi igipimo cyo gushyushya kizaba kiri hasi ugereranije n'igipimo cyo gutwika ubushyuhe. Ubushyuhe buzahagarara neza hafi y'ubushyuhe bwa Curie kandi ntibuzakomeza kuzamuka, birinda gushya byumye no gushyuha cyane bivuye mu mizi;
Kwisubiraho: Iyo ubushyuhe bugabanutse munsi y’ubushyuhe bwa Curie bitewe no gushonga k’ubushyuhe (nk’uko ubukonje/umwuka utembera), ubushyuhe buzasubirana vuba kugeza ku rugero rwo hasi rwo gushyushya, bugasubirana ubushyuhe bufite ingufu nyinshi, kandi bugashobora kwigenzura mu buryo buhamye imbaraga z’ubushyuhe.
2, Igisubizo cy’ingenzi gikoreshwa mu modoka: Uburyo bwo gukora icyuma gishyushya PTC gikonjeshwa n’amazi (gikoreshwa mu gushyushya batiri mu kabari)
Ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi birenga 90% bikoresha amashanyarazi ya PTC akonjeshejwe n'umuvuduko mwinshi (imiterere yoroheje, ubushyuhe bungana, bukwiriye uruziga rw'umwuka ushyushye mu kabari n'uruziga rugenzura ubushyuhe bwa batiri), bihujwe n'uruziga rutanga amashanyarazi ku binyabiziga bishya bitanga ingufu. Gushyushya akabari n'ibateri bigerwaho gusa iyo hahinduwe uruziga rutandukanye rw'uburyo bumwe bwo gushyushya bwa PTC. Inzira y'ingenzi ni imwe, igabanyijemo intambwe enye:
Gutangiza umuriro w'amashanyarazi: Imodoka VCU (Itsinda rishinzwe kugenzura imodoka) yohereza ikimenyetso cyo gutangiza kuri PTC heater ishingiye ku itegeko ry'ikirere gikonjesha/ikimenyetso cy'ubushyuhe bwa bateri (niba bateri igomba gushyushywa munsi ya 5 ℃), kandi icyarimwe igahuza umurongo w'amashanyarazi wa bateri y'imodoka ifite voltage nyinshi. Ingufu za DC zifite voltage nyinshi zinjira muri PTC heater;
Guhindura amashanyarazi mu bushyuhe: Amasahani ya PTC akoreshwa mu gushushanya asohora ubushyuhe vuba bitewe n’umuvuduko mwinshi w’amashanyarazi, akagera ku bushyuhe bukoreshwa mu masegonda make, maze ubushyuhe bujyanwa mu cyumba cyo gusohora ubushyuhe/umuyoboro wo guhindurira ubushyuhe w’icyuma gishyushya cya PTC;
Guhinduranya Ubushyuhe mu Bikonjesha: Pompe y'amazi y'ikoranabuhanga yo mu modoka ikoresha uburyo bwo gucunga ubushyuhe ituma icyuma gihindura ubushyuhe kizenguruka mu miyoboro y'ubushyuhe ya PTC heater. Nyuma yo gukurura ubushyuhe buva mu gice gishyushya cya PTC, icyuma gihindura ubushyuhe kiba igikoresho gishyushya cyane (ubusanzwe kiri hagati ya 40-60 ℃, gihindurwa bitewe n'ibikenewe);
Kohereza ubushyuhe
Gushyushya mu kazu: Agakoresho gashyushya cyane gashyirwa mu gice cy’umwuka gishyushye kiri mu modoka, maze agakoresho gatanga umwuka ukonje gashyira umwuka ukonje mu gice cy’umwuka gishyushye. Umwuka ukonje ufata ubushyuhe bw’agakoresho gashyushya ugahinduka umwuka ushyushye, hanyuma woherezwa mu modoka unyuze mu mwobo w’umwuka kugira ngo ushyushye mu kazu;
Gushyushya batiri: Igikoresho gikonjesha kiri hejuru gitembera mu buryo butaziguye mu gice gikonjeshwa n'amazi/uruziga rwo gushyushya ubushyuhe rw'ipaki ya batiri y'amashanyarazi, kandi gishyushya batiri mu buryo bumwe binyuze mu gushyushya, bikazamura ubushyuhe bwa batiri ku rugero rukwiye rwo gushyushya no gusohora (muri rusange hagati ya 10-35 ℃), bigakemura ibibazo byo kwangirika k'ubushyuhe buke no gushyushya no gusohora bike.
Inyongera: Nyuma yuko icyuma gikonjesha kirangije guhinduranya ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe buragabanuka hanyuma bugasubira kuri heater ya PTC binyuze mu muyoboro kugira ngo bwongere bufate ubushyuhe, bugahita bufunga kandi bugashyuha buri gihe; Iyo cabin/bateri igeze ku bushyuhe bw'intego, VCU ihagarika amashanyarazi ya PTC afite voltage nyinshi hanyuma igahagarika gushyuha.
3, Umuti muto: Uburyo icyuma gishyushya PTC gishyushye gikoreshwa n'umuyaga (gikoreshwa gusa mu gushyushya igice cy'icyumba)
Gushyushya imodoka zimwe na zimwe zikoresha amashanyarazi make n'ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hasi bizakoresha ibyuma bishyushya bya PTC bikonjesha umwuka (bidafite ubushyuhe bukonjesha, bishyushya umwuka mu buryo butaziguye), bifite imiterere yoroshye n'uburyo bw'ingenzi bwa:
Igice cyo gushyushya cya PTC ceramic gitanga ingufu z'ubushyuhe mu buryo butaziguye;
Imashini ihuha umwuka ukonje ihuha hejuru y’igice gishyushya cya PTC, maze umwuka ukonje ugahinduranya ubushyuhe n’isahani ya PTC ishyushye cyane, bigahinduka umwuka ushyushye;
Umwuka ushyushye woherezwa mu cyumba cy’akazu unyuze mu mwobo w’umwuka kugira ngo ubushyuhe bwihuse.
Ingaruka mbi: Ubushyuhe budakwirakwira, umwuka ushyushye wo mu gace runaka, hamwe n'ibikoresho byo gushyushya bya PTC bikorana n'umwuka mu buryo butaziguye, bigasaba ko habaho ivumbi n'amazi menshi. Kubwibyo, bikoreshwa gusa ku modoka nto zihendutse, kandi gukonjesha amazi bikoreshwa ku modoka nshya zikoresha ingufu zo hagati kugeza ku nini.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 30 Mutarama 2026
